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Public Release: 23-May-2013
 Journal of PediatricsRate of bicycle-related fatalities significantly lower in states with helmet laws Existing research shows that bicyclists who wear helmets have an 88 percent lower risk of brain injury, but researchers at Boston Children's Hospital found that simply having bicycle helmet laws in place showed a 20 percent decrease in deaths and injuries for children younger than 16 who were in bicycle-motor vehicle collisions. Contact: Erin Tornatore
Public Release: 22-May-2013
Substance AbuseSurvey points out deficiencies in addictions training for medical residents A 2012 survey of internal medicine residents at Massachusetts General Hospital -- one of the nation's leading teaching hospitals -- found that more than half rated the training they had received in addiction and other substance use disorders as fair or poor. Significant numbers felt unprepared to diagnose or treat such disorders, results similar to surveys of practicing physicians. Contact: Kristen Chadwick
Public Release: 22-May-2013
Cell ReportsStudy details genes that control whether tumors adapt or die when faced with p53 activating drugs When turned on, the gene p53 turns off cancer. However, when existing drugs boost p53, only a few tumors die -- the rest resist the challenge. A study published in the journal Cell Reports shows how: tumors that live even in the face of p53 reactivation create more of the protein p21 than the protein PUMA; tumors that die have more PUMA than p21. And, for the first time, the current study shows a handful of genes that control this ratio. Contact: Garth Sundem
Public Release: 22-May-2013
Journal of Cleaner ProductionFootwear's (carbon) footprint Study finds the bulk of shoes' carbon footprint comes from manufacturing processes. Contact: Sarah McDonnell
Public Release: 22-May-2013
Pediatric ObesityOvereating learned in infancy, study suggests Research shows that clinical obesity at 24 months of age strongly traces back to infant feeding patterns. Contact: Joe Hadfield
Public Release: 22-May-2013
PLOS ONEScientists develop worm EEG to test the effects of drugs Scientists from the University of Southampton have developed a device which records the brain activity of worms to help test the effects of drugs. Contact: Glenn Harris
Public Release: 22-May-2013
AnesthesiologyJohns Hopkins rewrites obsolete blood-ordering rules Johns Hopkins researchers have developed new guidelines -- the first in more than 35 years -- to govern the amount of blood ordered for surgical patients. The recommendations, based on a lengthy study of blood use at The Johns Hopkins Hospital, can potentially save the medical center more than $200,000 a year and improve patient safety, researchers say. Contact: Stephanie Desmon
Public Release: 22-May-2013
Journal of Controlled ReleaseResearch offers promising new approach to treatment of lung cancer Researchers have developed a new drug delivery system that allows inhalation of chemotherapeutic drugs to help treat lung cancer, and in laboratory and animal tests it appears to reduce the systemic damage done to other organs while significantly improving the treatment of lung tumors -- the tumors virtually disappeared. 
NIH/National Cancer Institute, National Science Foundation, Department of Defense
Contact: Oleh Taratula
Public Release: 22-May-2013
ACS Synthetic BiologyFast new, 1-step genetic engineering technology A new, streamlined approach to genetic engineering drastically reduces the time and effort needed to insert new genes into bacteria, the workhorses of biotechnology, scientists are reporting. Published in the journal ACS Synthetic Biology, the method paves the way for more rapid development of designer microbes for drug development, environmental cleanup and other activities. Contact: Michael Bernstein
Public Release: 22-May-2013
ACS Chemical BiologyOvercoming resistance to anti-cancer drugs by targeting cell 'powerhouses' Re-routing anti-cancer drugs to the "power plants" that make energy to keep cells alive is a promising but long-neglected approach to preventing emergence of the drug-resistant forms of cancer -- source of a serious medical problem, scientists are reporting. That's the conclusion of a new study published in the journal ACS Chemical Biology. Contact: Michael Bernstein
Public Release: 22-May-2013
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological SciencesMosquito behavior may be immune response, not parasite manipulation Malaria-carrying mosquitoes appear to be manipulated by the parasites they carry, but this manipulation may simply be part of the mosquitoes' immune response, according to Penn State entomologists.
National Institutes of Health
Contact: A'ndrea Elyse Messer
Public Release: 22-May-2013
SLEEP 2013, 27th Annual Meeting of the Associated Professional Sleep Societies SleepStudy shows that insomnia may cause dysfunction in emotional brain circuitry A new study provides neurobiological evidence for dysfunction in the neural circuitry underlying emotion regulation in people with insomnia, which may have implications for the risk relationship between insomnia and depression.
National Institutes of Health
Contact: Lynn Celmer
Public Release: 22-May-2013
American Journal of Physiology - Regulatory, Integrative, and Comparative PhysiologyFish oil may help the heart beat mental stress Why is fish oil good for the heart? A new study suggests that this omega 3 fatty acid-rich nutrient could blunt some cardiovascular effects of mental stress. Contact: Donna Krupa
Public Release: 22-May-2013
Journal of PediatricsStudy links chemicals widely found in plastics and processed food to elevated blood pressure in children and teens Plastic additives known as phthalates are odorless, colorless and just about everywhere: They turn up in flooring, plastic cups, beach balls, plastic wrap, intravenous tubing and -- according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention -- the bodies of most Americans. Once perceived as harmless, phthalates have come under increasing scrutiny. A growing collection of evidence suggests dietary exposure to phthalates (which can leech from packaging and mix with food) may cause significant metabolic and hormonal abnormalities, especially during early development.
KiDS of NYU
Contact: Lorinda Klein
Public Release: 22-May-2013
NatureResearchers complete largest genetic sequencing study of human disease Researchers from Queen Mary, University of London have led the largest sequencing study of human disease to date, investigating the genetic basis of six autoimmune diseases.
Medical Research Council, Coeliac UK
Contact: e.lowry@qmul.ac.uk
Public Release: 22-May-2013
Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and MetabolismFish oil supplements may help fight against Type 2 diabetes Widely-used fish oil supplements modestly increase amounts of a hormone that is associated with lower risk of diabetes and heart disease, according to a study accepted for publication in the Endocrine Society's Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. Contact: Jenni Glenn Gingery
Public Release: 22-May-2013
Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and MetabolismMild hypothyroidism raises mortality risk among heart failure patients Patients with underlying heart failure are more likely to experience adverse outcomes from mild hypothyroidism, according to a recent study accepted for publication in the Endocrine Society's Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. Contact: Jenni Glenn Gingery
Public Release: 22-May-2013
NaturePenn study shows how immune system peacefully co-exists with 'good' bacteria The human gut is loaded with helpful bacteria microbes, yet the immune system seemingly turns a blind eye. Now, researchers know how this friendly truce is kept intact. Innate lymphoid cells directly limit the response by inflammatory T cells to commensal bacteria in the gut of mice. Loss of this ILC function effectively puts the immune system on an extended war footing against the commensal bacteria a condition observed in multiple chronic inflammatory diseases.
National Institutes of Health, Crohn's and Colitis Foundation of America, Burroughs Wellcome Fund
Contact: Karen Kreeger
Public Release: 22-May-2013
NatureNIH researchers conduct first genomic survey of human skin fungal diversity In the first study of human fungal skin diversity, National Institutes of Health researchers sequenced the DNA of fungi at skin sites of healthy adults to define the normal populations across the skin and to provide a framework for investigating fungal skin conditions. The study appears in the May 22, 2013, early online issue of Nature.
National Institutes of Health
Contact: Raymond MacDougall
Public Release: 22-May-2013
NatureSlowing the aging process -- only with antibiotics EPFL scientists reveal the mechanism responsible for aging hidden deep within mitochondria -- and dramatically slow it down in worms by administering antibiotics to the young. Contact: Johan Auwerx
Public Release: 22-May-2013
Science Translational MedicineEnzyme-activating antibodies revealed as marker for most severe form of rheumatoid arthritis In a series of lab experiments designed to unravel the workings of a key enzyme widely considered a possible trigger of rheumatoid arthritis, researchers at Johns Hopkins have found that in the most severe cases of the disease, the immune system makes a unique subset of antibodies that have a disease-promoting role. Contact: David March
Public Release: 22-May-2013
Stroke: Journal of the American Heart AssociationCosts to treat stroke in America may double by 2030 Stroke costs are predicted to more than double in the next 20 years. Americans 45-64 years old are expected to have the highest increase in stroke incidence. Contact: Darcy Spitz
Public Release: 22-May-2013
Journal of Visualized ExperimentsHow healthy are you for your age? On May 22, JoVE will publish details of a technique to measure the health of human genetic material in relation to a patient's age. The method is demonstrated by the laboratory of Dr. Gil Atzmon at New York's Albert Einstein College of Medicine. Dr. Atzmon hopes that the dissemination of this technique will lead to the development of a "genetic thermometer" to assess a patient's health in relation to other individuals of the same age. Contact: Rachel Greene
Public Release: 22-May-2013
NeuronScientists uncover molecular roots of cocaine addiction in the brain Researchers at Johns Hopkins have unraveled the molecular foundations of cocaine's effects on the brain, and identified a compound that blocks cravings for the drug in cocaine-addicted mice. The compound, already proven safe for humans, is undergoing further animal testing in preparation for possible clinical trials in cocaine addicts, the researchers say.
NIH/National Institute on Drug Abuse
Contact: Shawna Williams
Public Release: 22-May-2013
NeurologyMigraine and depression together may be linked with brain size Older people with a history of migraines and depression may have smaller brain tissue volumes than people with only one or neither of the conditions, according to a new study in the May 22, 2013, online issue of Neurology®, the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology. Contact: Rachel Seroka
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