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Public Release: 9-Feb-2010
 Ecology LettersNew UC Davis study: Climate 'tipping points' may arrive without warning, says top forecaster A new University of California, Davis, study by a top ecological forecaster says it is harder than experts thought to predict when sudden shifts in Earth's natural systems will occur -- a worrisome finding for scientists trying to identify the tipping points that could push climate change into an irreparable global disaster. 
National Science Foundation
Contact: Alan Hastings
Public Release: 9-Feb-2010
PLoS PathogensAdapting to clogged airways makes common pathogen resist powerful drugs Mutations of a common environmental pathogen that causes chronic lung disease in patients with cystic fibrosis are able to survive in oxygen-poor, nitrate-rich airway secretions. This same survival mechanism also enables the mutate bacteria to resist the effects of certain antibiotics -- even without any previous exposure to antibiotics.
Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, National Institutes of Health, National Science Foundation
Contact: Leila Gray
Public Release: 9-Feb-2010
American Journal of Clinical NutritionMulticenter study finds little effect of soy isoflavones on bone loss in postmenopausal women Results from a new multicenter clinical trial of 224 postmenopausal women questions the value of consuming soy isoflavone tablets to help lessen bone loss and minimize the effect of osteoporosis.
NIH/National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases
Contact: Mike Ferlazzo
Public Release: 9-Feb-2010
Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesCells can read damaged DNA without missing a beat Under certain growth-limiting conditions, enzymes that read DNA can skim through damaged DNA without skipping any letters in the genetic "text." This suggests a mechanism that can allow bacteria to develop resistance to antibiotics.
National Institutes of Health
Contact: Vince Dollard
Public Release: 9-Feb-2010
Molecular EcologyGreat tits: birds with character An important part of individual differences within species is due to variation in the underlying genes. One gene, the dopamine receptor D4 gene, however, is known to influence novelty seeking and exploration behaviour in a range of species, including humans and birds. Researchers of the Max Planck Institute for Ornithology in Seewiesen now show that the gene's influence on birds' behavior differs markedly between wild populations of great tits.
Max Planck Society
Contact: Bart Kempenaers
Public Release: 9-Feb-2010
Journal of Insect PhysiologyResistant wheat goes for the gut to protect against Hessian flies Resistant wheat plants stave off attacks by Hessian fly larvae by essentially destroying the fly's midgut and its ability to absorb nutrients, according to a study by Purdue University and the US Department of Agriculture.
US Department of Agriculture ARS Crop Production and Pest Control Research Unit
Contact: Brian Wallheimer
Public Release: 9-Feb-2010
Molelcular ImmunologyResearch could lead to way to halt deadly immune response Scientists have published new details of their research into the complement reaction, an immune system response that kills thousands annually. The study is published in the journal Molecular Immunology. Contact: Doug Gardner
Public Release: 9-Feb-2010
FASEB JournalThe biggest loser: Maternal obesity puts a load on her offspring that lasts a lifetime As if there are not enough reasons for obese people to lose weight, a research report recently published online in The FASEB Journal, adds several more. In a study involving rats, Duke University researchers found that obesity in mothers causes cellular programming in utero that predisposes offspring to inflammation-related disorders (such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, type 2 diabetes, stroke, heart disease and more) from birth, regardless of whether or not the offspring are obese themselves. Contact: Cody Mooneyhan
Public Release: 9-Feb-2010
Human MutationComprehensive study using bioinformatics predicts the molecular causes of many genetic diseases It is widely known that genetic mutations cause disease. What are largely unknown are the mechanisms by which these mutations wreak havoc at the molecular level, giving rise to clinically observable symptoms in patients. Now a new study using bioinformatics, led by scientists at the Buck Institute for Age Research, reports the ability to predict the molecular cause of many inherited genetic diseases. These predictions have led to the creation of a web-based tool available to academic researchers who study disease.
National Science Foundation, Indiana University Biomedical Council, Indiana University, Showalter Trust, Indiana Genomics Initiative
Contact: Kris Rebillot
Public Release: 9-Feb-2010
JAMACertain genetic profiles associated with recurrence-free survival for non-small cell lung cancer An analysis of genetic and clinical data for nearly 800 patients with non-small cell lung cancer has identified differences in genetic characteristics that are associated with age and sex specific patterns of increased or decreased recurrence-free survival, according to a study in the Feb. 10 issue of JAMA. Contact: Michelle Gailiun
Public Release: 9-Feb-2010
62nd AAN Annual MeetingDrinking milk during pregnancy may lower baby's risk of MS Drinking milk during pregnancy may help reduce your baby's chances of developing multiple sclerosis as an adult, according to a preliminary study released today that will be presented at the American Academy of Neurology's 62nd Annual Meeting in Toronto April 10-17, 2010. Contact: Rachel Seroka
Public Release: 8-Feb-2010
Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesStudy challenges bird-from-dinosaur theory of evolution – was it the other way around? A new study just published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences provides yet more evidence that birds did not descend from ground-dwelling theropod dinosaurs, experts say, and continues to challenge decades of accepted theories about the evolution of flight. Contact: John Ruben
Public Release: 8-Feb-2010
Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesStudy reveals new details on the dangers of third-hand smoke Nicotine in third-hand smoke, the residue from tobacco smoke that clings to virtually all surfaces long after a cigarette has been extinguished, reacts with the common indoor air pollutant nitrous acid to produce dangerous carcinogens. This new potential health hazard was revealed in a multi-institutional study led by researchers with the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.
University of California
Contact: Lynn Yarris
Public Release: 8-Feb-2010
Global Change BiologyWill earlier springs throw nature out of step? The recent trend towards earlier UK springs and summers has been accelerating, according to a study published today in the scientific journal Global Change Biology. The collaborative study, involving scientists from 12 UK research institutions, universities and conservation organisations, is the most comprehensive and rigorous assessment so far of long-term changes in the seasonal timing of biological events across marine, freshwater and terrestrial environments in the UK.
Natural Environment Research Council
Contact: Barnaby Smith
Public Release: 8-Feb-2010
Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesBrown biologist solves mystery of tropical grasses' origin Brown University biologist Erika Edwards and a colleague have found that rainfall, not temperature, was the primary trigger for the evolutionary beginnings of C4 tropical grasses. Their results are published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Contact: Richard Lewis
Public Release: 8-Feb-2010
Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesCaltech neuroscientists discover brain area responsible for fear of losing money Neuroscientists at the California Institute of Technology and their colleagues have tied the human aversion to losing money to a specific structure in the brain -- the amygdala.
Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Human Frontier Science Program, Wellcome Trust, National Institutes of Health, Simons Foundation, Global Center of Excellence Grant
Contact: Kathy Svitil
Public Release: 8-Feb-2010
Genome ResearchMethod of the future uses single-cell imaging to identify gene interactions Cellular imaging offers a wealth of data about how cells respond to stimuli, but harnessing this technique to study biological systems is a daunting challenge. In a study published online in Genome Research, researchers have developed a novel method of interpreting data from single-cell images to identify genetic interactions within biological networks, offering a glimpse into the future of high-throughput cell imaging analysis.
US Department of Energy, Leukemia and Lymphoma Society, National Institutes of Health, Howard Hughes Medical Institute
Contact: Peggy Calicchia
Public Release: 8-Feb-2010
Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & PreventionSoft drink consumption may increase risk of pancreatic cancer Increased sugar intake may stimulate tumor growth through effects of insulin. Pancreatic cancer rates increased nearly twofold over the past several decades. Drinking two or more soft drinks a week led to an 87 percent increased risk. Contact: Jeremy Moore
Public Release: 8-Feb-2010
Journal of the Science of Food and AgricultureResearch reveals link between beer and bone health A new study suggests that beer is a significant source of dietary silicon, a key ingredient for increasing bone mineral density. Details of this study are available in the February issue of the Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the Society of Chemical Industry. Contact: Dawn Peters
Public Release: 8-Feb-2010
62nd AAN Annual MeetingMediterranean diet may lower risk of brain damage that causes thinking problems A Mediterranean diet may help people avoid the small areas of brain damage that can lead to problems with thinking and memory, according to a study released today that will be presented at the American Academy of Neurology's 62nd Annual Meeting in Toronto April 10-17, 2010. Contact: Rachel Seroka
Public Release: 8-Feb-2010
Autism ResearchUC Davis study confirms link between advanced maternal age and autism Advanced maternal age is linked to a significantly elevated risk of having a child with autism, regardless of the father's age, according to an exhaustive study of all births in California during the 1990s by UC Davis Health System researchers.
NIH/National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, US Environmental Protection Agency, UC Davis School of Medicine and Office of Graduate Studies
Contact: Phyllis Brown
Public Release: 8-Feb-2010
Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & PreventionMore smokers than non-smokers accept HPV vaccination for their daughters A parent's existing health habits or behaviors, like cigarette smoking, may influence the likelihood that they will have their daughters vaccinated against HPV. Contact: Tara Yates
Public Release: 8-Feb-2010
Disease Models & MechanismsA potent suppressor of endometrial cancer is revealed Treatment of endometrial cancer has not advanced significantly in 30 years and there are no screening tests to promote early detection. Researchers at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center and Harvard Medical School developed a new approach to specifically target genetic changes to the endometrial cells in mice. Using this new technique, they show that loss of an emerging tumor suppressor causes abnormal growth and widespread malignancy of cells lining the uterus. Contact: Kristy Kain
Public Release: 8-Feb-2010
Disease Models & MechanismsMice shed new light on causes of childhood deafness Mice with a genetic change that causes progressive hearing loss in children, also have hearing loss because sound waves are not processed properly. The ear's attempts to compensate for hearing loss may, ironically, cause further damage leading to complete hearing loss. These mice will allow detailed research into many forms of deafness, and bring closer the prospects of therapies to slow or halt hearing loss in both children and adults. Contact: Kristy Kain
Public Release: 8-Feb-2010
Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & PreventionFew women take tamoxifen to prevent breast cancer Less than a quarter of one percent of women took tamoxifen in 2000 and 2005 to prevent breast cancer. Further research is recommended to explore explanations for the drug's low use. Contact: Tara Yates
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