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Public Release: 24-May-2013
 Physical Review BHow do cold ions slide? One of the challenges faced by those who study friction is finding a connection between the phenomena observed within the macroworld and those in the nanoworld. The stick-slip, a phenomenon observed at every scale when two surfaces slide on one another, could be the starting point to identify such connection. The scientists at SISSA have studied such phenomenon through a system of "trapped cold ions." Contact: Federica Sgorbissa
Public Release: 24-May-2013
Astrophysical JournalDetection of the cosmic gamma ray horizon: Measures all the light in the universe since the Big Bang Radiation from all galaxies that ever existed suffuses the Universe with a diffuse extragalactic background light (EBL). Measuring the EBL is as fundamental to cosmology as measuring heat from the Big Bang (cosmic microwave background) at radio wavelengths. Alberto Dominguez and six coauthors describe the best measurement yet of the evolution of the EBL over the past 5 billion years, based on observations from radio waves to gamma rays from NASA spacecraft and ground-based telescopes. Contact: Alberto Dominguez
Public Release: 23-May-2013
Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesReforestation study shows trade-offs between water, carbon and timber More than 13,000 ships per year transit the Panama Canal each year. Each time a ship passes through, more than 55 million gallons of water are used. The advent of large "super" cargo ships has demanded expansion of the canal, leaving the authority to consider how meet increased demand for water. One proposed measure is the reforestation of the watershed, which has been studied by ASU scientists Silvio Simonit and Charles Perrings to aid planners. 
National Science Foundation, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute
Contact: Margaret Coulombe
Public Release: 22-May-2013
Sports Economics, Management and PolicyU-M study challenges notion that umpires call more strikes for pitchers of same race A University of Michigan study challenges previous research that suggests umpire discrimination exists in Major League Baseball. Contact: Laura Bailey
Public Release: 22-May-2013
NatureResearchers explain magnetic field misbehavior in solar flares When a solar flare erupts from the sun, its magnetic fields sometime break a widely accepted rule of physics. Why? Now we know.
National Science Foundation, Microsoft Research, Engineering Research Council of Canada, Johns Hopkins University
Contact: Phil Sneiderman
Public Release: 22-May-2013
Royal Society InterfaceMaking chaos visible Exactly 50 years after the US-American meteorologist Edward Lorenz discovered chaos (remember the "butterfly effect?") the topic is still as fascinating as ever. A new visualization technique developed at the University of Vienna helps to make chaos visible to the naked eye. The method, which is being published in "Royal Society Interface," allows for the intuitive interpretation of chaotic or nearly chaotic phenomena, and thus makes the fascinating world of chaos theory more accessible to the scientific community. Contact: Christian Herbst
Public Release: 22-May-2013
NatureResearchers reveal model of Sun's magnetic field Researchers at the Universities of Leeds and Chicago have uncovered an important mechanism behind the generation of astrophysical magnetic fields such as that of the Sun.
Science and Technology Facilities Council, National Science Foundation
Contact: Richard Mellor
Public Release: 20-May-2013
Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesSoft matter offers new ways to study how ordered materials arrange themselves A fried breakfast food popular in Spain provided the inspiration for the development of doughnut-shaped droplets that may provide scientists with a new approach for studying fundamental issues in physics, mathematics and materials.
National Science Foundation
Contact: John Toon
Public Release: 20-May-2013
American Society for Microbiology 2013 General MeetingCosmosID unveils new tool for faster, specific and accurate testing of probiotics products The FDA and CosmosID have conducted a side-by-side analysis of commercially available probiotics to compare the identity of species and strains present in the products to what was stated on their respective labels. Contact: Robin Buckley
Public Release: 20-May-2013
International Journal of Data Mining and BioinformaticsPredicting infectious influenza A new computer model could help scientists predict when a particular strain of avian influenza might become infectious from bird to human, according to a report to be published in the International Journal of Data Mining and Bioinformatics. Contact: Albert Ang
Public Release: 16-May-2013
SIAM Journal on Discrete MathematicsCan math models of gaming strategies be used to detect terrorism networks? In a paper published in the SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics last month, authors Anthony Bonato, Dieter Mitsche, and Pawel Pralat describe a mathematical model to disrupt flow of information in a complex real-world network, such as a terrorist organization, using minimal resources.
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council, Mprime, Ryerson University
Contact: Karthika Muthukumaraswamy
Public Release: 16-May-2013
Scientific insurgents say 'Journal Impact Factors' distort science An ad hoc coalition of unlikely insurgents -- scientists, journal editors and publishers, scholarly societies, and research funders across many scientific disciplines -- today posted an international declaration calling on the world scientific community to eliminate the role of the journal impact factor in evaluating research for funding, hiring, promotion, or institutional effectiveness. Contact: Mark Leader
Public Release: 16-May-2013
Current BiologyFast and painless way to better mental arithmetic? Yes, there might actually be a way In the future, if you want to improve your ability to manipulate numbers in your head, you might just plug yourself in. So say researchers who report in the Cell Press journal Current Biology on May 16 on studies of a harmless form of brain stimulation applied to an area known to be important for math ability. Contact: Mary Beth O'Leary
Public Release: 15-May-2013
WeatherEuropean winter weather harder to forecast in certain years Weather forecasters have a tougher job predicting winter conditions over Europe in some years over others, concludes a new study carried out by the National Oceanography Centre. Contact: Catherine Beswick
Public Release: 14-May-2013
NatureUntangling the tree of life Vanderbilt phylogeneticists examined the reasons why large-scale tree-of-life studies are producing contradictory results and have proposed a suite of novel techniques to resolve the conflicts.
National Science Foundation
Contact: David Salisbury
Public Release: 14-May-2013
IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health InformaticsNJIT computer scientist publishes new algorithm cluster to data mine health records The time may be fast approaching for researchers to take better advantage of the vast amount of valuable patient information available from US electronic health records. Lian Duan, an NJIT computer scientist with an expertise in data mining, has done just that with the recent publication of "Adverse Drug Effect Detection," IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics. Contact: Sheryl Weinstein
Public Release: 14-May-2013
IEEE International Symposium on Industrial ElectronicsNew software spots, isolates cyber-attacks to protect networked control systems Researchers from North Carolina State University have developed a software algorithm that detects and isolates cyber-attacks on networked control systems -- which are used to coordinate transportation, power and other infrastructure across the United States.
National Science Foundation
Contact: Matt Shipman
Public Release: 14-May-2013
Nature CommunicationsNew principle may help explain why nature is quantum One question researchers have yet to answer is why nature picked quantum physics, in all its weird glory, as a sensible way to behave.
Ministry of Education, National Research Foundation, Singapore
Contact: Jenny Hogan
Public Release: 13-May-2013
Geophysical Research LettersWestern Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami hazard potential greater than previously thought Earthquakes similar in magnitude to the 2004 Sumatra earthquake could occur in an area beneath the Arabian Sea at the Makran subduction zone, according to recent research published in Geophysical Research Letters. Contact: Catherine Beswick
Public Release: 9-May-2013
ScienceHeady mathematics Two UC Berkeley applied mathematicians have found a way to mathematically describe the evolution and disappearance of a foam. Using these equations, they were able to generate a movie that shows the complex draining, popping and rearrangement of these bubbles as the foam vanishes.
US Department of Energy, National Science Foundation, NIH/National Cancer Institute
Contact: Robert Sanders
Public Release: 9-May-2013
PLOS Computational BiologyEarly infant growth rate linked to composition of gut microbiota The composition of gut microbiota in a new-born baby's gut has been linked to the rate of early infant growth, reports research published this week in PLOS Computational Biology. The findings support the assertion that the early development of "microbiota" -- the body's microbial ecosystem -- in an infant can influence growth and thereby the likelihood of obesity.
Norwegian Research Council, NIH/Intramural Research Program
Contact: Merete Eggesbø
Public Release: 8-May-2013
InterfaceStudy shows that people organize daily travel efficiently A population-level study discovers small-scale details about individuals' choices.
New England University Transportation Center, NEC Corporation Fund, Solomon Buchsbaum Research Fund, Volkswagen Foundation
Contact: Sarah McDonnell
Public Release: 8-May-2013
Physical Review LettersResearcher construct invisibility cloak for thermal flow By means of special metamaterials, light and sound can be passed around objects. KIT researchers now succeeded in demonstrating that the same materials can also be used to specifically influence the propagation of heat. A structured plate of copper and silicon conducts heat around a central area without the edge being affected. The results are presented in the Physical Review Letters journal. Contact: Monika Landgraf
Public Release: 8-May-2013
NatureThe effect of climate change on iceberg production by Greenland glaciers While the impact of climate change on the surface of the Greenland ice sheet has been widely studied, a clear understanding of the key process of iceberg production has eluded researchers for many years. Published in Nature this week, a new study presents a sophisticated computer model that provides a fresh insight into the impact of climate change on the production of icebergs by Greenland glaciers, and reveals that the shape of the ground beneath the ice has a strong effect on its movement.
European Union, EU FP6 Intergrated Project ENSEMBLES
Contact: Paul B Holland
Public Release: 8-May-2013
Sensors and Actuators AAn electronic nose can tell pears and apples apart Swedish and Spanish engineers have created a system of sensors that detects fruit odors more effectively than the human sense of smell. For now, the device can distinguish between the odorous compounds emitted by pears and apples. Contact: SINC
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