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Public Release: 9-May-2008
Ancient beachcombers may have travelled slowly
New evidence, more questions. That's the thumbnail of the first new data reported in 10 years from Monte Verde, the earliest known human settlement in the Americas.
Contact: Bobbie Mixon
bmixon@nsf.gov
703-292-8485
National Science Foundation
Public Release: 9-May-2008
University of Leicester to lead audit of adults with autism
The University of Leicester is leading on a national study to calculate the number of adults with autism, it has been announced today.
Contact: Professor Brugha
01-162-584-395
University of Leicester
Public Release: 9-May-2008
Productivity rises when companies are facing closure
In companies that are slated to be shut down, productivity increases during the phase-out period itself. When management is busy dealing with matters other than daily operations, employees shoulder a greater responsibility for their work -- and efficiency is enhanced. According to business economist Magnus Hansson at Örebro University in Sweden, this shows that it is possible to boost productivity considerably without investing.
Contact: Ingrid Lundegardh
ingrid.lundegardh@oru.se
Swedish Research Council
Public Release: 8-May-2008
ACP says Medicare cuts will hurt physicians in small practices
Noting that many physicians across the country who lead small practices are at a business breaking point, David M. Dale, MD, FACP, president of the American College of Physicians testified today before the House Small Business Committee. Dr. Dale emphasized that practices are medicine's small businesses, where much of their revenue is tied directly to Medicare's flawed reimbursement rates and formulas.
Contact: David Kinsman
dkinsman@acponline.org
202-261-4554
American College of Physicians
Public Release: 8-May-2008
Arthritis Care and Research
Obese patients face increased risks for infection and dislocation following revision hip surgery
Obesity is a leading risk factor for osteoarthritis, a painful and disabling joint disease.
Contact: Sean Wagner
swagner@wiley.com
781-388-8550
Wiley-Blackwell
Public Release: 8-May-2008
Arthritis Care and Research
Cane use may reduce risk of knee osteoarthritis progression
A common, incurable joint disease, osteoarthritis is the leading cause of disability in elderly people.
Contact: Sean Wagner
swagner@wiley.com
781-388-8550
Wiley-Blackwell
Public Release: 8-May-2008
Nature
CSHL scientists are part of consortium that sequences platypus genome
By any account, the platypus is an odd creature. It's got a broad, rubbery bill that brings to mind a duck...but it swims more like a beaver...yet it lays eggs and can inject poisonous venom, like a reptile. No wonder it was considered an elaborate hoax by scientists who examined the first specimen pelt shipped to England from the colony of New South Wales in 1799.
Contact: Jim Bono
bono@cshl.edu
516-367-8455
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Public Release: 8-May-2008
Current Biology
What's bugging locusts?
Since ancient times, locust plagues have been viewed as one of the most spectacular events in nature. In seemingly spontaneous fashion, as many as 10 billion critters can suddenly swarm the air and carpet the ground, blazing destructive paths that bring starvation and economic ruin.
What makes them do it?
In a word, cannibalism.
Princeton University, Royal Society of London, Australian Research Council, Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council
Contact: Kitta MacPherson
kittamac@princeton.edu
609-258-5729
Princeton University
Public Release: 8-May-2008
Interfaces
Federal polar bear research critically flawed, says study in INFORMS journal
Research done by the US Department of the Interior to determine if global warming threatens the polar bear population is so flawed that it cannot be used to justify listing the polar bear as an endangered species, according to a study being published later this year in Interfaces, a journal of the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences.
The Interior Department has been ordered to make a determination by May 15.
Contact: Barry List
barry.list@informs.org
443-757-3560
Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences
Public Release: 8-May-2008
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report Recommendations and Reports
New report: Arthritis is a potential barrier to physical activity for adults with diabetes
People with diagnosed diabetes are nearly twice as likely to have arthritis, and the inactivity caused by arthritis hinders the successful management of both diseases, according to a new Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report study released today by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. This is one of the first studies of its kind to look at the relationship between arthritis and diabetes and the outcomes associated with physical activity.
Contact: Kristin Francini
kfrancini@gymr.com
202-745-5107
Arthritis Foundation
Public Release: 8-May-2008
Developmental Psychology
Racial discrimination has different mental health effects on Asians, study shows
The first national study of Asians living in the United States shows that for some individuals, strong ties to their ethnicity can guard against the negative effects of racism. For others, strong ties to ethnicity can actually make the negative effects of discrimination worse. And the mental health effects of such discrimination may shift over a lifetime as Asian-Americans continue to examine their ethnic ties, say researchers.
Contact: Audrey Hamilton
ahamilton@apa.org
202-336-5706
American Psychological Association
Public Release: 8-May-2008
American Psychiatric Association Annual Meeting
Phase III pivotal results presented of VYVANSE to treat ADHD in adults
Shire today presented the results of a phase III pivotal study in which VYVANSE demonstrated significant improvements in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder symptoms in adults and met all safety and efficacy endpoints.
Shire Pharmaceuticals
Contact: Lucia Lodato
lucia.lodato@porternovelli.com
917-617-3058
Porter Novelli
Public Release: 8-May-2008
There is no such thing as 'the' Indian
An increasing number of mayors in Guatemala are of Indian origin. Dutch researcher Elisabet Rasch went to find out what this development means and discovered that there is much more to building a multicultural democracy than electing Indian mayors and presidents. This is due to the enormous range of interpretations of identity: there is no such thing as "the" Indian.
Contact: Elisabet Rasch
e.d.rasch@uu.nl
31-302-531-064
Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research
Public Release: 8-May-2008
Egyptian elite tombs accessible for all
A number of elite tombs from Ancient Egypt are now accessible to all thanks to the launch of the Mastabase. The Mastabase is a CD-ROM containing descriptions and hieroglyphic inscriptions of scenes of daily life from 337 Mastaba tombs. This resource will make research into these elite tombs a lot easier. On May 13, 2008, Dutch Egyptologist René van Walsem will officially present the MastaBase in Leiden.
Contact: René van Walsem
r.van.walsem@let.leidenuniv.nl
Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research
Public Release: 8-May-2008
International Journal of Management Practice
Programmed death boosts business
As credits crunch, recession bites and business struggle to stay primed, researchers in Spain suggest that a more surgical approach to management and business practice is needed if a company is to survive. Writing in the International Journal of Management Practice from Inderscience Publishers, the team explains how businesses could take a cue from nature to them restructure.
Contact: Fernando Fernández-González
fgfernando@msn.com
Inderscience Publishers
Public Release: 8-May-2008
BMC Public Health
Young people are intentionally taking drink and drugs for better sex
Teenagers and young adults across Europe drink and take drugs as part of deliberate sexual strategies. Findings published today in BioMed Central's open access journal, BMC Public Health, reveal that a third of 16-35 year old males and a quarter of females surveyed are drinking alcohol to increase their chances of sex, while cocaine, ecstasy and cannabis are intentionally used to enhance sexual arousal or prolong sex.
Contact: Charlotte Webber
charlotte.webber@biomedcentral.com
44-020-763-19980
BioMed Central
Public Release: 8-May-2008
BMC Infectious Diseases
Taking the sex out of sexual health screening
Young women would accept age-based screening for the sexually transmitted infection chlamydia, but would want this test to be offered to everyone, rather than to people "singled out" according to their sexual history.
Contact: Charlotte Webber
charlotte.webber@biomedcentral.com
44-020-763-19980
BioMed Central
Public Release: 8-May-2008
Science
Major shift in HIV prevention priorities needed
According to a new policy analysis led by researchers at the Harvard School of Public Health and the University of California, Berkeley, the most common HIV prevention strategies -- condom promotion, HIV testing, treatment of other sexually transmitted infections, vaccine and microbicide research, and abstinence -- are having a limited impact on the predominantly heterosexual epidemics found in Africa.
Contact: Todd Datz
tdatz@hsph.harvard.edu
617-432-3952
Harvard School of Public Health
Public Release: 8-May-2008
Science
Justice in the brain: Equity and efficiency are encoded differently
Which is better, giving more food to a few hungry people or letting some food go to waste so that everyone gets a share? A study appearing this week in Science finds that most people choose the latter, and that the brain responds in unique ways to inefficiency and inequity.
Contact: Diana Yates
diya@uiuc.edu
217-333-5802
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Public Release: 7-May-2008
Socrates in the classroom develops students' thinking and changes the distribution of power
When students have the opportunity to participate in "Socratic seminars" on a regular basis, a different classroom culture evolves. The students collaborate more and more voices are heard. The students develop their thinking skills in a cooperative and investigative atmosphere. This is shown in a new dissertation in Pedagogy by Ann S. Pihlgren at the Stockholm University in Sweden.
Contact: Jonas Ĺblad
jonas.ablad@kommunikation.su.se
Swedish Research Council
Public Release: 7-May-2008
Genome Biology
Superbug genome sequenced
The genome of a newly-emerging superbug, commonly known as Steno, has just been sequenced. The results reveal an organism with a remarkable capacity for drug resistance. The research was carried out by scientists at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute near Cambridge and the University of Bristol.
Wellcome Trust, British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
Contact: Cherry Lewis
cherry.lewis@bristol.ac.uk
44-117-928-8086
University of Bristol
Public Release: 7-May-2008
BMC Psychiatry
Lack of motivation in schizophrenia linked to brain chemical imbalance
A study of patients with psychotic illnesses such as schizophrenia suggests an alternative explanation for why many sufferers lack motivation. The research is described today BioMed Central's journal BMC Psychiatry.
Contact: Charlotte Webber
charlotte.webber@biomedcentral.com
44-020-763-19980
BioMed Central
Public Release: 7-May-2008
First-of-its-kind 14-country study ranks consumers according to environmental behavior
National Geographic and the international polling firm GlobeScan will unveil results of a new mechanism for measuring and comparing consumer behavior concerning the environment.
Fourteen thousand consumers in Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, India, Japan, Mexico, Russia, Spain and the United States were polled in this first-ever study of environmentally sustainable consumption and behavior. The study will be conducted annually and will assess progress people are making to protect the environment.
National Geographic Society
Contact: Sarah Clark
sclark@ngs.org
202-828-5664
National Geographic Society
Public Release: 7-May-2008
Does the brain control muscles or movements?
One of the major scientific questions about the brain is how it can translate the simple intent to perform an action -- say, reach for a glass -- into the dynamic, coordinated symphony of muscle movements required for that action.
Contact: Cathleen Genova
cgenova@cell.com
617-397-2802
Cell Press
Public Release: 7-May-2008
American Journal of Psychiatry
Mental disorders cost society billions in unearned income
Major mental disorders cost the nation at least $193 billion annually in lost earnings alone, according to a new study funded by the National Institutes of Health's National Institute of Mental Health.
NIH/National Institute of Mental Health
Contact: Colleen Labbe
NIMHPress@nih.gov
301-443-4536
NIH/National Institute of Mental Health
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