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Public Release: 2-Dec-2012
 Nature NeuroscienceOrigin of intelligence and mental illness linked to ancient genetic accident Scientists have discovered for the first time how humans -- and other mammals -- have evolved to have intelligence. Researchers have identified the moment in history when the genes that enabled us to think and reason evolved. 
Wellcome Trust, Medical Research Council and European Union
Contact: Tara Womersley
Public Release: 30-Nov-2012
Human FactorsPreventing 'Cyber Pearl Harbor' A new study shows computer network security analysts are not prepared for drawn out cyber attacks. Contact: Lois Smith
Public Release: 30-Nov-2012
Journal of Gerontology Series A: Biological and Medical SciencesVitamin D tied to women's cognitive performance Two new studies appearing in the Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences show that vitamin D may be a vital component for the cognitive health of women as they age. Contact: Todd Kluss
Public Release: 30-Nov-2012
Crime and JusticeLatest volume of Crime and Justice series brings role of prosecutors into focus The latest volume in the Crime and Justice series presents research that critically examines the role of prosecutors within the United States and cross-nationally, asking the question: Can policy makers look across national boundaries to find ways to improve their own national systems? Contact: Kelley Heider
Public Release: 30-Nov-2012
Academic MedicineNew study finds what makes a good mentor and mentee How-to books are full of advice on what makes a good mentor. But what makes a good mentee and what chemistry is needed to make the relationship work? Contact: Leslie Shepherd
Public Release: 30-Nov-2012
EthologyThe colour of love: Zebrafish perform colorful courtship displays Billy Ocean may not have been thinking of fish when he wrote "The Color of Love", but Sophie Hutter, Attila Hettyey, Dustin Penn, and Sarah Zala from the Konrad Lorenz Institute of Ethology of the University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna were able to show that zebrafish males and females both wear their brightest colors while wooing a mate. Contact: Dr. Sarah Zala
Public Release: 30-Nov-2012
Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and GynaecologyWhen eating for 2 becomes a weighty issue Two-thirds of Australian mums-to-be are in the dark when it comes to how much weight they should gain during pregnancy. Contact: Alita Pashley
Public Release: 30-Nov-2012
PLOS ONEElectrically spun fabric offers dual defense against pregnancy, HIV Electrically spun cloth with nanometer-sized fibers show promise as a cheap, versatile platform to simultaneously offer contraception and prevent HIV. New funding from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation will further test the system's versatility and feasibility.
National Institutes of Health, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
Contact: Hannah Hickey
Public Release: 30-Nov-2012
BMC Ecology Grey-mouse lemurs serve as model for the early primates from which humans evolved Findings from the study that analyzed grey-mouse lemur calls provide the first evidence of paternal kin recognition through vocalizations in a small-brained, solitary foraging mammal. Grey-mouse lemurs serve as a model for the early primates from which humans evolved, she added. Early primates likely shared traits with the lemurs such as foraging in dense forests and hunting for food at night in solitude, but also engaging with each other in social groups. Contact: Julie Newberg
Public Release: 30-Nov-2012
Journal of PediatricsObese children more vulnerable to food advertising Rates of childhood obesity have tripled in the past 30 years; food marketing has been implicated as one contributing factor. Every year, companies spend over $10 billion in the US marketing food and beverages to children; 98 percent of the food products advertised to children on television are high in fat, sugar, or sodium. In a new study scheduled for publication in The Journal of Pediatrics, researchers used neuroimaging to study the effects of food logos on obese and healthy weight children. Contact: Becky Lindeman
Public Release: 29-Nov-2012
Tobacco ControlAs cigarette taxes go up, heavy smoking goes down When cigarette taxes rise, hard-core smokers are more likely than lighter smokers to cut back, according to new research from Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis.
National Center for Research Resources, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH/Roadmap for Medical Research
Contact: Judy Martin
Public Release: 29-Nov-2012
Journal of Physical Activity and HealthBrief interventions can help college students return to a healthy lifestyle A new study from the University of Missouri has found that a brief intervention, sometimes as little as 30 minutes, can help put students back on the right track to a healthy lifestyle -- a change that can impact the rest of their lives. Contact: Christian Basi
Public Release: 29-Nov-2012
International Journal of Research in MarketingMarketing analytics ups Fortune 1000 return on assets 8 percent, says operations research study Fortune 1000 companies that increase their use of marketing analytics improve their return on assets an average 8 percent and as much as 21 percent, with returns ranging from $70 million to $180 million in net income, according to a paper written by two key members of the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences. Contact: Barry List
Public Release: 29-Nov-2012
Population Health ManagementDiabetics with cancer dangerously ignore blood sugar When people with Type 2 diabetes are diagnosed with cancer -- for which they are at higher risk -- they ignore their diabetes to focus on cancer. But high blood sugar is more likely to kill them. When they received diabetes education after a cancer diagnosis, however, they were more likely to monitor their blood sugar and had fewer visits to the emergency room, fewer hospital admissions and lower health care costs.
NIH/National Cancer Institute
Contact: Marla Paul
Public Release: 29-Nov-2012
Archives of SurgeryYoung surgeons face special concerns with operating room distractions A study has found that young, less-experienced surgeons made major surgical mistakes almost half the time during a "simulated" gall bladder removal when they were distracted by noises, questions, conversation or other commotion in the operating room. Contact: Robin Feuerbacher
Public Release: 29-Nov-2012
Autism ResearchAutism severity may stem from fear New research on autism shows that children with the diagnosis struggle to let go of old, outdated fears. Even more significantly, the study found that this rigid fearfulness is linked to the severity of classic symptoms of autism, such as repeated movements and resistance to change. Contact: Joe Hadfield
Public Release: 29-Nov-2012
Biological PsychiatryNext-generation treatments for Fragile X syndrome A potential new therapeutic strategy for treating Fragile X syndrome is detailed in a new report appearing in the current issue of Biological Psychiatry, from researchers led by Dr. Lucia Ciranna at University of Catania in Italy. Contact: Rhiannon Bugno
Public Release: 29-Nov-2012
Technology use in the classroom helps autistic children communicate The use of technology in the classroom is nothing new, but Topcliffe Primary School in Birmingham is breaking new ground by using technology to help pupils with Autism communicate more effectively in the a project, jointly funded by the ESRC and the Engineering and Physical Science Research Council.
Economic and Social Research Council
Contact: Pressoffice
Public Release: 29-Nov-2012
Management ScienceWhen good service means bad behavior Economists and professionals praise the merits of competition, as it leads to lower prices and improvements in quality. But in the automobile smog-testing industry, competition can lead to corruption and even public health problems. Contact: Amy Blumenthal
Public Release: 29-Nov-2012
Frontiers in Human NeuroscienceMusical duets lock brains as well as rhythms Researchers from the Max Planck Institute for Human Development in Berlin have shown that synchronization emerges between brains when making music together, and even when musicians play different voices. Johanna Sänger and her team used electrodes to record the brain waves of guitarists while they played different voices of the same duet. The results point to brain synchronicity that cannot be explained away by similitudes in external stimulation but can be attributed to a more profound interpersonal coordination. Contact: Johanna Sänger
Public Release: 29-Nov-2012
Journal of CommunicationPrenatal exposure to testosterone leads to verbal aggressive behavior A new study in the Journal of Communication links verbal aggression to prenatal testosterone exposure. The lead researcher, at University at Buffalo -- The State University of New York, used the 2D:4D measure to predict verbal aggression. This study is the first to use this method to examine prenatal testosterone exposure as a determinant of a communication trait. Contact: John Paul Gutierrez
Public Release: 29-Nov-2012
Journal of Health and Social BehaviorBehavior problems, not depression, linked to lower grades for depressed youths Behavior problems, not depression, are linked to lower grades for depressed adolescents, according to a study in the December issue of the Journal of Health and Social Behavior. Contact: Daniel Fowler
Public Release: 29-Nov-2012
American Sociological ReviewStudy shows increase in negative messages about Muslims in the media Organizations using fear and anger to spread negative messages about Muslims have moved from the fringes of public discourse into the mainstream media since the Sept. 11 attacks, according to new research by a University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill sociologist. Contact: Daniel Fowler
Public Release: 29-Nov-2012
Current BiologyHand use improved after spinal cord injury with noninvasive stimulation By using noninvasive stimulation, researchers were able to temporarily improve the ability of people with spinal cord injuries to use their hands. The findings, reported on November 29th in Current Biology, a Cell Press publication, hold promise in treating thousands of people in the United States alone who are partially paralyzed due to spinal cord injury. Contact: Mary Beth O'Leary
Public Release: 29-Nov-2012
Current BiologyAlcoholic fly larvae need fix for learning Fly larvae fed on alcohol-spiked food for a period of days grow dependent on those spirits for learning. The findings, reported in Current Biology, a Cell Press publication, on November 29th, show how overuse of alcohol can produce lasting changes in the brain, even after alcohol abuse stops. Contact: Mary Beth O'Leary
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