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Public Release: 20-Nov-2009
 ScienceSaving the single cysteine: New antioxidant system found We've all read studies about the health benefits of having a life partner. The same thing is true at the molecular level, where amino acids known as cysteines are much more vulnerable to damage when single than when paired up with other cysteines. Contact: Nancy Ross-Flanigan
Public Release: 20-Nov-2009
62nd Annual Scientific Meeting of the Gerontological Society of AmericaOlder problem drinkers use more alcohol than do their younger counterparts Older adults who have alcohol dependence problems drink significantly more than do younger adults who have similar problems, a new study has found. The findings suggest that older problem drinkers may have developed a tolerance for alcohol and need to drink even more than younger abusers to achieve the effects they seek. Contact: Virginia Richardson
Public Release: 20-Nov-2009
SC 09More than powerful! German research computer QPACE is the most energy efficient in the world At the 2009 Supercomputing Conference in Portland, Ore., the high-performance computer QPACE (QCD Parallel Computing on the Cell) was recognized today as the most energy-efficient supercomputer in the world. QPACE is at the head of the Green500 list, which provides a global ranking of energy-efficient supercomputers. Contact: Kosta Schinarakis
Public Release: 20-Nov-2009
Biological PsychiatryPossible link studied between childhood abuse and early cellular aging Researchers from Brown University and Butler Hospital have determined that children who suffer physical or emotional abuse may be faced with accelerated cellular aging as adults. The findings are published online in the journal Biological Psychiatry. A print version of the article is also expected. 
NIH/National Institute of Mental Health, NIH/National Institute of Neurological Disorders
Contact: Mark Hollmer
Public Release: 20-Nov-2009
Journal of Biological ChemistryResearchers begin to decipher metabolism of sexual assault drug It's a naturally occurring brain chemical with an unwieldy name: 4-hydroxybutyrate (4-HB). Taken by mouth, it can be abused or used as a date-rape drug. Now, a team of Ohio and Michigan scientists have determined new routes by which 4-HB is metabolized by the body. "This is new and important information," said K. Michael Gibson, professor and chair of biological sciences at Michigan Technological University and a member of the research team.
National Institutes of Health, Cleveland Mt. Sinai Health Care Foundation
Contact: Jennifer Donovan
Public Release: 20-Nov-2009
Journal of the National Cancer InstituteFuneral industry workers exposed to formaldehyde face higher risk of leukemia Long durations of exposure to formaldehyde used for embalming in the funeral industry were associated with an increased risk of death from myeloid leukemia, according to a new study published online Nov. 20 in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute. Contact: Steve Graff
Public Release: 20-Nov-2009
Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryParent training complements medication for treating behavioral problems in children with PDD Treatment that includes medication plus a structured training program for parents reduces serious behavioral problems in children with autism and related conditions, according to a study funded by the National Institute of Mental Health.
NIH/National Institute of Mental Health
Contact: Colleen Labbe
Public Release: 20-Nov-2009
American Journal of MedicineProjections of savings from health IT are baseless, Harvard researchers say The increased computerization in US hospitals hasn't made them cheaper or more efficient, Harvard researchers say, although it may have modestly improved the quality of care for heart attacks. The findings contradict claims by President Obama and many lawmakers that health information technology, including electronic medical records, will save billions and help make reform affordable. The study uses data from the most extensive survey ever undertaken of hospital computerization. Contact: Mark Almberg
Public Release: 20-Nov-2009
Applied Health Economics & Health PolicyDispensing prescription drugs in 3-month supplies reduces drug costs by a third Purchasing prescription drugs in a three-month supply rather than a one-month supply has long been regarded as a way to save money. New research from the University of Chicago quantifies the savings for the first time. Contact: Greg Borzo
Public Release: 19-Nov-2009
Technology Analysis & Strategic ManagementSpanish biotechnology should focus on food and plant sectors to be more competitive Spain and Latin American countries have an opportunity to take the lead in two small biotechnology sectors. Researchers from the University of Valencia, working together with the IDICHUS Foundation, have studied the productive fabric of the Spanish biotechnology industry. Their conclusion is that Spain's food and plant sectors have more clout than those in English-speaking countries. Contact: SINC
Public Release: 19-Nov-2009
AIDSMany pregnant women avoid HIV screening in Africa "Prevention is the best cure" is a common expression, but what happens if preventative measures are not used? A large proportion of pregnant Ugandan women are going out of their way not to be HIV tested, increasing the risk of mother-to-child transmission. Contact: Steve Pogonowski
Public Release: 19-Nov-2009
Psicología ConductualWhy can't some people give up cocaine? Drug dependency is a recurrent but treatable kind of addiction. However, not all people who are drug dependent progress in the same way once they stop taking drugs. A new study shows that, in the case of cocaine, a high score on the so-called "scale of craving," an antisocial personality type and previous heroin abuse are the factors most commonly involved in people falling back into the habit. Contact: SINC
Public Release: 19-Nov-2009
Why Israeli rodents are more cautious than Jordanian ones A series of studies carried out at the University of Haifa have found that rodent, reptile and ant lion species behave differently on either side of the Israel-Jordan border. "The border line, which is only a demarcation on the map, cannot contain these species, but the line does restrict humans and their diverse impact on nature," says Dr. Uri Shanas. Contact: Rachel Feldman
Public Release: 19-Nov-2009
Biological PsychiatryCommon plastics chemicals linked to ADHD symptoms Phthalates are important components of many consumer products, including toys, cleaning materials, plastics, and personal care items. Studies to date on phthalates have been inconsistent, with some linking exposure to these chemicals to hormone disruptions, birth defects, asthma and reproductive problems, while others have found no significant association between exposure and adverse effects. Contact: Jayne Dawkins
Public Release: 19-Nov-2009
Elsevier celebrates the 20th anniversary of the UN Convention for the Rights of the Child Elsevier, the leading publisher of scientific, technical and medical information products and services, announced today the publication of a freely available special issue of Child Abuse and Neglect The International Journal 1989-2009 on the 20th anniversary of the U.N. Convention on the Rights of the Child. Contact: Lyndsay Scholefield
Public Release: 19-Nov-2009
Genome BiologyAncestry attracts, but love is blind People preferentially marry those with similar ancestry, but their decisions are not necessarily based on hair, eye or skin color. Research, published in BioMed Central's open-access journal Genome Biology, shows that Mexicans mate according to proportions of Native-American to European ancestry, while Puerto Ricans are more likely to settle down with someone carrying a similar mix of African and European genes. Contact: Graeme Baldwin
Public Release: 19-Nov-2009
Sexual Medicine Society of North America Annual MeetingPivotal study for PSD502 -- the first potential treatment for premature ejaculation Results of the double-blind treatment phase of this study, which enrolled patients from the US, Canada and Poland, are consistent with previously reported results of the pivotal trial conducted in Europe and showed that men who were treated with PSD502 five minutes before intercourse were able to delay ejaculation up to five times longer than those who used placebo. Additionally, patients and partners in both trials reported significant improvements in sexual satisfaction, and the drug was well tolerated. Contact: Dave Schemelia
Public Release: 19-Nov-2009
Significance'Hobbits' are a new human species -- according to the statistical analysis of fossils Researchers from Stony Brook University Medical Center in New York have confirmed that Homo floresiensis is a genuine ancient human species and not a descendant of healthy humans dwarfed by disease. Using statistical analysis on skeletal remains of a well-preserved female specimen, researchers determined the "hobbit" to be a distinct species and not a genetically flawed version of modern humans. Details of the study appear in the December issue of Significance, the magazine of the Royal Statistical Society, published by Wiley-Blackwell. Contact: Dawn Peters
Public Release: 19-Nov-2009
Drug Testing and AnalysisPromising pharmaceutical agents emerge as sports doping products Researchers from the German Sport University Cologne in Germany found that nonsteroidal and tissue-selective anabolic agents such as selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) are being sold on the black market for their performance enhancing qualities. The availability of authentic SARMs was recently demonstrated for the first time by the detection of the drug candidate Andarine in a product sold via the Internet. Full findings of the study appear in the latest issue of Drug Testing and Analysis published by Wiley-Blackwell. Contact: Dawn Peters
Public Release: 19-Nov-2009
Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental ResearchTreating alcohol-use disorders and tuberculosis together Treatment for alcohol use disorders and tuberculosis (TB) is rarely integrated, even though the two diseases have a high co-occurrence. American and Russian researchers have jointly designed and are monitoring an innovative program that will deliver alcohol treatment as part of routine TB care. The trial study is continuing.
NIH/National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
Contact: Shelly F. Greenfield, M.D., M.P.H.
Public Release: 19-Nov-2009
ScienceWaking up memories while you sleep They were in a deep sleep, yet sounds, such as a teakettle whistle, somehow penetrated their slumber. The 25 sounds were reminders of earlier spatial learning, though the Northwestern University research participants were unaware of the sounds as they slept. Yet, upon waking, memory tests showed that spatial memories had changed. "We are beginning to see that deep sleep actually is a key time for memory processing," said Ken Paller, professor of psychology at Northwestern. Contact: Pat Vaughan Tremmel
Public Release: 19-Nov-2009
Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental ResearchAn intervention that can reduce hostile perceptions in children with prenatal alcohol exposure Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) has been linked to significant impairments in social skills. Researchers have found that a social- skills intervention called Children's Friendship Training can lead to a decrease in hostile attributions or perceptions of children with PAE.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Contact: Vivien Keil, Ph.D.
Public Release: 19-Nov-2009
Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental ResearchA brief intervention that works for drivers who persist in driving while intoxicated Researchers comparing the effectiveness of two interventions on driving-while-impaired re-offenders with alcohol problems found that one -- Brief Motivational Interviewing -- was more effective. While both interventions led to significant declines in risky drinking, BMI produced significantly more pronounced and longer-lasting reductions in risking drinking compared to the control intervention.
Alcoholic Beverage Medical Research Foundation/Foundation for Alcohol Research, Canadian Psychiatric Research Foundation, McGill-Dongier Endowment for Addiction Research
Contact: Thomas G. Brown, Ph.D.
Public Release: 19-Nov-2009
Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental ResearchExamining mathematical abilities in children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder Children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) have a number of cognitive deficits. Mathematical ability seems particularly damaged in children with FASD. A new study supports the importance of the left parietal area for mathematical abilities in children with FASD.
Canadian Language and Literacy Research Network
Contact: Catherine Lebel, B.Sc.
Public Release: 19-Nov-2009
Behavior Research and TherapyFull recovery now possible for an 'untreatable' mental illness Patients coping with the chaos and misery of borderline personality disorder now have reason for strong confidence in making major life changes through a new treatment, schema therapy. For the first time, three major outcome studies have shown that many patients with borderline personality disorder can achieve full recovery across the complete range of symptoms. In one study schema therapy was shown to be more than twice as effective as a widely practiced traditional treatment. Contact: George Lockwood, Ph.D.
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