EurekAlert! InContext Modules

Public Release: 30-May-2013

Journal of Dental Research
Report shows billions worldwide suffer from major tooth decay
Billions of people across the globe are suffering from major untreated dental problems, according to a new report led by Professor Wagner Marcenes of Queen Mary, University of London, published in the Journal of Dental Research.

Public Release: 30-May-2013

Tokyo International Conference on African Development
Japan to help fight diseases by screening massive drug compound 'libraries' for treatments
The Global Health Innovative Technology Fund, a new public-private partnership that's bringing Japanese research and development to the global fight against infectious disease, will announce at the 5th Tokyo International Conference on African Development a series of historic agreements to screen compound libraries at Japanese pharmaceutical companies and research institutes for new treatments for malaria, tuberculosis, and other afflictions that prey mainly on the poorest of the poor.

Public Release: 29-May-2013
Queen's University receives Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation grants
Queen's University Belfast has been announced as a Grand Challenges Explorations winner, an initiative founded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Scientists at the University's Institute for Global Food Security have been awarded grants to pursue two Innovative global health and development research projects aimed at tackling tropical diseases.

Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

Public Release: 24-May-2013

Science
OHSU research highlights promising strategy to help vaccines outsmart HIV
A new discovery at Oregon Health and Science University highlights an ingenious method to ensure the body effectively reacts when infected with the highly-evasive HIV virus that causes AIDS. The method involves the use of cytomegalovirus as a vector to help a vaccine better instruct T cells how to identify and fight the virus.

Public Release: 21-May-2013

Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society
JPIDS: Releases consensus statement on research definitions for drug-resistant TB in children
The Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society today released its June issue, which includes a consensus statement of the global Sentinel Project on Pediatric Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis. It establishes standardized definitions, measurements, and other key attributes that will effect research. This is the first step as the group of international stakeholders collaborate to raise visibility and share evidence and resources that can improve children's access to prompt and effective treatment.

Public Release: 20-May-2013

American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
May research highlights from American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
These are AJTMH Top-line research highlights: 1) New Rapid Diagnostic Test for Worm Infection Provides Substantial Improvement Over Current Standard According to New African Field Study. 2. a) In a First for East Africa, Scientists Provide Detailed Evidence that Onchocerciasis (River Blindness) May Be Eliminated After 14 Years of Long-term Mass Drug Treatment. 2. b) Onchocerciasis (River Blindness) Could Make Comeback in Northwestern Uganda if Annual Drug Administrations to Fight Parasitic Disease Are Stopped, New Study Shows.

Public Release: 20-May-2013

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Leading explanations for whooping cough's resurgence don't stand up to scrutiny
Whooping cough has exploded in the United States and some other developed countries in recent decades, and many experts suspect ineffective childhood vaccines for the alarming resurgence.

National Institutes of Health, US Department of Homeland Security

Public Release: 15-May-2013

Cell
No idle chatter: Study finds malaria parasites 'talk' to each other
Melbourne scientists have made the surprise discovery that malaria parasites can 'talk' to each other -- a social behavior to ensure the parasite's survival and improve its chances of being transmitted to other humans. The finding could provide a niche for developing antimalarial drugs and vaccines that prevent or treat the disease by cutting these communication networks.

Australian National Health and Medical Research Council, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Victorian Government

Public Release: 14-May-2013

Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved
New BUSM study explores providers' perceptions of parental concerns about HPV vaccination
A new Boston University School of Medicine study has found that low-income and minority parents may be more receptive to vaccinating their daughters against Human Papillomavirus, while white, middle-class parents are more likely to defer the vaccination.

Public Release: 14-May-2013

Zoonoses and Public Health
Human disease leptospirosis identified in new species, the banded mongoose, in Africa
Leptospirosis is the world's most common illness transmitted to humans by animals. It's a two-phase disease that begins with flu-like symptoms. If untreated, it can cause meningitis, liver damage, pulmonary hemorrhage, renal failure and death.

National Science Foundation

Public Release: 14-May-2013

PLOS Medicine
Local community group activities may help reduce neonatal mortality in Vietnam
Community groups in rural Vietnam comprised of local health workers, politicians and laywomen (Maternal and Newborn Health Groups) set up to tackle challenges to maternal and neonatal health may reduce the neonatal death rate after three years and increase antenatal care attendance, according to a study by researchers from Sweden and Vietnam published in this week's PLOS Medicine.

Public Release: 13-May-2013

Lancet
New global study pinpoints main causes of childhood diarrheal diseases, suggests effective solutions
A new international study published in The Lancet provides the clearest picture yet of the impact and most common causes of diarrheal diseases, the second leading killer of young children globally, after pneumonia. The Global Enteric Multicenter Study is the largest study ever conducted on diarrheal diseases in developing countries, enrolling more than 20,000 children from seven sites across Asia and Africa.

Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

Public Release: 13-May-2013

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Study defines level of dengue virus needed for transmission
Researchers have identified the dose of dengue virus in human blood that is required to infect mosquitoes when they bite. Mosquitoes are essential for transmitting the virus between people so the findings have important implications for understanding how to slow the spread of the disease.

Wellcome Trust

Public Release: 13-May-2013

Annals of Internal Medicine
Annals of Internal Medicine tip sheet for May 14, 2013
Below is information about articles being published in the May 14 issue of Annals of Internal Medicine. The information is not intended to substitute for the full articles as a source of information. Annals of Internal Medicine attribution is required for all coverage.

Public Release: 9-May-2013

Science
Using bacteria to stop malaria
Mosquitoes are deadly efficient disease transmitters. Research conducted at Michigan State University, however, demonstrates that they also can be equally adept in curing diseases such as malaria.

National Institutes of Health, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

Public Release: 9-May-2013
OUP publishes advice from the CDC on travel and disease
CDC's user-friendly "Health Information for International Travel" (commonly known as the The Yellow Book) returns to provide the most up-to-date information on travel and disease.

Public Release: 9-May-2013

Science
Bacterial infection in mosquitoes renders them immune to malaria parasites
Scientists funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, part of the National Institutes of Health, have established an inheritable bacterial infection in malaria-transmitting Anopheles mosquitoes that renders them immune to malaria parasites. Specifically, the scientists infected the mosquitoes with Wolbachia, a bacterium common among insects that previously has been shown to prevent malaria-inducing Plasmodium parasites from developing in Anopheles mosquitoes.

NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

Public Release: 8-May-2013

Journal of Infectious Diseases
New malaria tool shows which kids at greatest risk
Researchers at Michigan State University have identified a test that can determine which children with malaria are likely to develop cerebral malaria, a much more life-threatening form of the disease. The screening tool could be a game-changer in resource-limited rural health clinics where workers see hundreds of children with malaria each day and must decide which patients can be sent home with oral drugs and which need to be taken to hospitals for more comprehensive care.

National Institutes of Health

Public Release: 7-May-2013
New advocates join global effort to eliminate neglected tropical diseases
Today, the Global Network for Neglected Tropical Diseases (Global Network), a major initiative of the Sabin Vaccine Institute, announced His Excellency, President Alvaro Arzú Irigoyen of Guatemala (1996-2000), His Excellency, President Ricardo Lagos Escobar of Chile (2000-2006) and former Pan American Health Organization Director Dr. Mirta Roses Periago as the organization's newest Neglected Tropical Disease Special Envoys.

Public Release: 7-May-2013
TB, HIV and malaria vaccine research gets major boost
Aeras, a nonprofit biotech advancing TB vaccines for the world, the University of Oxford and Okairos, a biopharmaceutical company specializing in T-cell vaccines, today announced a $2.9 million grant to Aeras in support of a collaboration among the three parties to support the development of vaccines against tuberculosis, HIV and malaria.

Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation

Public Release: 7-May-2013

Biophysical Journal
New insights into Ebola infection pave the way for much-needed therapies
The Ebola virus is among the deadliest viruses on the planet, killing up to 90 percent of those infected. A study published in the Biophysical Journal reveals how the most abundant protein making up the Ebola virus -- viral protein 40 -- allows the virus to leave host cells and spread infection to other cells throughout the human body. The findings could lay the foundation for the development of new drugs and strategies for fighting Ebola infection.

Public Release: 6-May-2013

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Competing antibodies may have limited the protection achieved in HIV vaccine trial in Thailand
Continuing analysis of an HIV vaccine trial undertaken in Thailand is yielding additional information about how immune responses were triggered and why the vaccine did not protect more people.

Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, US Army Medical Research and Material Command

Public Release: 6-May-2013

Hepatology
New antiviral treatment could significantly reduce global burden of hepatitis C
Around 150 million people globally are chronically infected with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) -- a major cause of liver disease and the fastest growing cause of liver transplantation and liver cancer. New prevention strategies are urgently required as people are continuing to be infected with HCV. Findings, published in Hepatology, reveal the impact of a new antiviral treatment that could potentially reduce HCV rates in some cities affected by chronic HCV prevalence by half over 15 years.

Public Release: 5-May-2013

GCP21 Strategic Meeting
Scientists alarmed by rapid spread of Brown Streak Disease in cassava
Cassava experts are reporting new outbreaks and the increased spread of Cassava Brown Streak Disease or CBSD, warning that the rapidly proliferating plant virus could cause a 50 percent drop in production of a crop that provides a significant source of food and income for 300 million Africans.

Public Release: 4-May-2013

Pediatric Academic Societies Annual Meeting

Environmental Health Perspectives
Toxic waste sites cause healthy years of life lost
Toxic waste sites with elevated levels of lead and chromium cause a high number of "healthy years of life lost" in individuals living near 373 sites located in India, Philippines and Indonesia, according to a study by a Mount Sinai researcher published online today in Environmental Health Perspectives.

Blacksmith Institute


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