U.S. Department of Energy Research News

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6-May-2004
Latest RHIC results make news headlines at Quark Matter 2004
At the recent Quark Matter 2004 conference, new evidence was presented that gold-ion collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider are producing an extremely dense form of matter -- which may, quite possibly, be the long-sought quark-gluon plasma.including the likelihood that RHIC's experiments have detected the existence of an "anti-pentaquark," an exotic type of particle containing five quarks, and may have uncovered signs of another dense form of matter called color glass condensate.

6-May-2004
New medical imaging technique first to use low-dose X-rays to reveal soft tissue
X-rays from the National Synchrotron Light Source at Brookhaven Lab are being employed for the first time in diffraction enhanced imaging, a new, low-dose experimental technique to visualize not only bone, but also soft tissue.

6-May-2004
Let the light shine: SPEAR3 up and running
SPEAR3's shutters are open and users are getting their first taste of work with the completely rebuilt synchrotron radiation facility.

6-May-2004
Understanding the structure of liquid water
Physicists of antiquity called it one of nature's fundamental elements; third graders know its chemical formula; and all known forms of life need it to exist.

27-Apr-2004
Sandia to lead Center of Excellence
In his State of the Union address last year, President Bush proclaimed, "our scientists and engineers will overcome obstacles to taking these cars from laboratory to showroom so that the first car driven by a child born today could be powered by hydrogen, and pollution-free." Stepping up to that challenge are researchers at Sandia National Laboratories in California, which has been selected by the U.S. Department of Energy to lead a virtual Center of Excellence for the development of reversible metal hydrides materials.

5-Apr-2004
Engine shows diesel efficiency without the emissions
Computer models are helping Laboratory engineers better understand the homogeneous compression charge ignition engine, a fuel-efficient engine with reduced harmful emissions.

5-Apr-2004
Defending against corrosion
Livermore researchers are designing a rugged system to prevent nuclear wastes from seeping into the environment at the proposed underground repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada.

5-Apr-2004
On the front lines of biodefense
The Laboratory's pathogen bioinformatics group is developing ways to rapidly identify microbes that could pose a threat to the nation's citizens, livestock, and crops.

1-Apr-2004
Shooting for the moons
Exploring planets beyond Mars will require a power source different from those now deployed in American spacecraft. Radioisotope thermal generators and solar energy cannot meet the challenges posed by proposed missions to the cold, dark regions of our solar system. ORNL engineers are convinced nuclear fission power will.

1-Apr-2004
Getting credit
When nuclear fuel is irradiated, or "burned," in a reactor, its reactivity drops as the uranium fuel is consumed and fission products accumulate. The less reactive the burned, or spent, fuel removed from the reactor, the less likely that the fuel can go critical, or sustain a chain reaction.

1-Apr-2004
Staying In the comfort zone
Randy Nanstad examines the setup for a fracture toughness test of a stainless steel cladding specimen from the Davis-Besse reactor pressure vessel head.

1-Apr-2004
Recovering fuel from waste
The nation's permanent nuclear waste repository could be used more efficiently than currently planned, according to ORNL's Emory Collins. He and his colleagues believe it makes sense for the repository to take mainly nuclear fission products, or 5% of the wastes, and turn away the bulk of the waste--spent nuclear fuel. The usable uranium and plutonium in this material could be extracted, chemically treated, and recycled as mixed-oxide (MOX) fuel for nuclear reactors.

1-Apr-2004
Coming full circle
The resurrection of gas centrifuge technology for uranium enrichment--a dream come true for many Oak Ridge researchers--has brought the largest CRADA ever to ORNL.

1-Apr-2004
A revolutionary reactor concept
A revolutionary nuclear reactor concept, based partly on ORNL's past coolant and fuel research, could be an economical source of hydrogen. Called the Advanced High-Temperature Reactor(AHTR), it would cost only half as much as current gas-cooled reactor concepts.

1-Apr-2004
Can the next generation take the heat?
Oak Ridge National Laboratory has long been a world leader in materials research, and now with the resurgence of interest in nuclear energy, ORNL has a leading role in developing and selecting materials for the next generation of nuclear power plants.

1-Apr-2004
Fabricating fuels
Over the past decade, increased public pressure to provide more electricity, reduce air pollution, and slow the rate of global warming has led many Americans to revisit the potential of nuclear power to meet anticipated demands for more energy. The Department of Energy and others in the scientific community are interested in adapting the gas-cooled reactor for use both in producing hydrogen for fuel cells to power cars and buildings and in supplying electricity competitively.

22-Mar-2004
CRF - Measuring particulate emissions
The Department of Energy has selected Sandia to lead a Center of Excellence for the development of reversible metal hydrides materials. A key objective will be to develop materials capable of storing hydrogen safely and economically in a vehicle that can run for at least 300 miles before refueling.

22-Mar-2004
DOE scientists sample the skies
This summer, scientists from the DOE's Argonne National Laboratory, Brookhaven National Laboratory, and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory will be participating in the International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation (ICART2) experiment, an effort to understand how pollutants from the Northeastern U.S. affect climate and air quality as they spread over the North Atlantic Ocean.

22-Mar-2004
Caolionn O'Connell aims for higher energies
In between trail-running expeditions through California's Portola Valley, Caolionn O'Connell can be found luring electrons to surf waves of energy so powerful they rip matter apart.

15-Mar-2004
Markowitz tapped for Joint Genome Institute Chief Informatics Officer
The U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute (JGI) today (March 15) announced that Victor M. Markowitz, D.Sc., has been appointed to the newly created position of Chief Informatics Officer.

10-Mar-2004
In a virtual sky, astronomers find dark matter
Making sense of the data coming from the Large Area Telescope (LAT), one of two main instruments of the GLAST mission, will take highly trained eyes and sophisticated software. Once the NASA probe is in orbit in 2007, astronomers will be able to hit the ground running thanks to three rounds of a simulation drill called Data Challenges, or DC. After six months of preparation, the first round started last December and ended successfully with a SLAC workshop in February.

3-Mar-2004
INEEL helps design winter wonder bus
Yellowstone National Park may soon become more accessible in both winter and summer, thanks to collaborative efforts to develop a new alternative fuel vehicle.

3-Mar-2004
Just say 'no' to adenovirus
Description of research on adenovirus at Brookhaven National Laboratory suggesting that nitric oxide might work as an antiviral agent.

1-Mar-2004
Dance of the planes
Less than four years after breaking ground at Fermilab for an underground complex consisting of 4,000 feet of tunnels and two experimental halls, scientists of the Main Injector Neutrino Oscillation Search collaboration are preparing for the first components of a 1,000-ton neutrino detector to go underground. Technicians will lower the first of 282 octagonal-shaped detector planes--each weighing more than a pickup truck--down a 350-foot shaft on the Fermilab site in March.

1-Mar-2004
The sensitive giant
CERN's Large Hadron Collider, set to begin operations later this decade, will boast four new detectors around its 16-mile ring. Fermilab is heavily involved in the Compact Muon Solenoid, but the LHC is constructing another huge multipurpose detector in competition for discovery of the Higgs particle and several other fundamental targets: ATLAS, A Toroidal LHC ApparatuS.