U.S. Department of Energy Research News

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1-Dec-2003
X-rays reveal the structure of proteins
Biologists are using the newest biological detective devices to determine the structures of proteins and provide insight into the details of life from cell communication to gene activation.

1-Dec-2003
Parallel computers 'evolutionize' research
A major research trend is harnessing advanced computers to complement theory and experiment. Advanced computing allows scientists to conduct experiments that could not otherwise be done, to test possible experiments before investing the time and money to physically carry them out, and to create models of complex phenomena.

1-Dec-2003
Nuclear renaissance
Growing levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide are raising concerns of global warming and sparking renewed interest in nuclear power. Unlike coal- and gas-fired power plants, nuclear power plants provide electricity without emitting carbon dioxide. They could also enable a hydrogen economy.

1-Dec-2003
RAPTOR science
A small robotic observatory system, called RAPTOR, is poised to take movies of fleeting astrophysical events. These movies will help astronomers better understand planetary systems, stars, galaxies, and the universe. Some of RAPTOR's data analysis techniques can also be applied to defense problems.

1-Dec-2003
Stalking the AIDS virus
An improved understanding of the interaction between HIV and the immune system has brought Lab researchers closer to identifying key parameters in AIDS vaccine development.

1-Dec-2003
Nanofluids? Cool!
Adding nanoscale particles--so small they are measured in billionths of a meter--to conventional liquids holds the promise of more efficient cooling for engines, machinery and supercomputers. These "nanofluids" have increased by up to 150 percent the heat-transfer rate of fluids.

1-Dec-2003
Globus Toolkit enables Grid computing
Argonne technology is bringing closer the day when the Internet can let people share computing, storage, data, programs and other resources as easily as the electric power grid allows people and energy companies to share electricity.

1-Dec-2003
Brookhaven develops science-based solutions to national homeland-security issues
From safeguarding fissile materials to developing technology for detection of nuclear weapons, dirty bombs, toxic chemicals, biological pathogens, and conventional explosives, Brookhaven's homeland-security initiatives are focused on protecting the New York metropolitan area and our nation from future terrorist attacks.

1-Dec-2003
PPPL researchers study plasma sterilization
Hundreds of billions of plastic food and beverage containers are manufactured each year in the U.S. All of these packages must undergo sterilization, which at present is done using high temperatures or chemicals. Both of these methods have drawbacks. What if a new method could be found that eliminated the need for chemicals or heat-resistant plastics?

1-Dec-2003
By-line from the frontlines
The process of science--the building of instruments, analysis of raw data, debugging of computer code, cleaning of lenses--usually doesn't make it to the headlines. You hear "Scientists Find Top Quark," but never, "Scientists Find New Use for Mylar Tape." Experimental physicists know better than anyone the tangled marriage of serendipity and tedium in nailing down a discovery.

1-Dec-2003
Two mysteries, one solution?
Using detectors chilled to near absolute zero, from a vantage point half a mile below ground, physicists of the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search announced the November 12 launch of a quest that could lead to solving two mysteries that may turn out to be one and the same: the identity of the dark matter that pervades the universe, and the possible existence of supersymmetric particles.

18-Nov-2003
Fastest unclassified supercomputer in the west
The U.S. Department of Energy's Pacific Northwest National Laboratory currently has the fastest operational unclassified supercomputer in the U.S. The 11.8-teraflops system at the William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory will advance novel studies in research areas such as atmospheric chemistry, systems biology, catalysis, and materials science.

18-Nov-2003
Finding DNA gold in a genetic desert
Researchers at the U.S. Department of Energy's Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and the Joint Genome Institute have discovered the existence of DNA sequences--located in genetic "deserts"--that regulate gene activation over very long distances. Previously, sequences in these deserts were thought to be of no value and were thus largely unexplored. Results of this research are reported in the October 17, 2003, issue of the journal Science.

18-Nov-2003
Longest linac makes the world's shortest electron bunches
Researchers at the U.S. Department of Energy's Stanford Linear Accelerator Center used the world's longest linear accelerator to develop the world's shortest bunches of electrons. Conversion of these bunches into bright, short pulses of X-ray light enables researchers to directly observe atomic motion never seen before in solids and liquids--allowing for instantaneous snapshots of simple chemical reactions in progress.

12-Nov-2003
Moving Army logistics forward
As the U.S. Army modernizes its fighting units, it also needs to modernize the way it supports these troops. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory staff are working with the U.S. Army's Logistics Transformation Agency (LTA) to help transform the way the Army supports our troops.

12-Nov-2003
Keeping the Army's industrial base healthy
"If the soldier shoots it, drives it, flies it, wears it or eats it, AMC provides it." Army Materiel Command's motto tells it all. AMC is one of three U.S. Army logistics operations supported by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory team members on site at AMC in Alexandria, Va.

12-Nov-2003
For soldiers, tiny may be big in solving battlefield power needs
The enemy is not the only challenge that a soldier faces in the combat zone.

12-Nov-2003
PNNL performance analysis tool helps Army keep on track
Transforming the logistics supply pipeline is an important part of U.S. Army modernization plans.

12-Nov-2003
Infrared sensing
On the battlefield and elsewhere, there are growing concerns about the possible use of chemical agents. Such materials are relatively easy to make, hide and release, and pose a potentially lethal threat to troops and civilian populations. Infrared sensing is showing significant promise as a technique for quickly detecting chemical effluents in the environment.

12-Nov-2003
Technology helps maintain munitions health
For the past three years, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory has been developing a technology that monitors munitions in storage, shipment and delivery to the battlefield. Now, with the military exploring new types of ammunition, and with requirements calling for future munitions to have "health monitoring systems," PNNL's work may prove very useful.

12-Nov-2003
Online training
Quick and effective training of personnel is a challenge faced by many organizations, including the armed forces.

12-Nov-2003
Cooling systems
Some days in Iraq the temperature soars to well over 100 degrees Fahrenheit. But even on relatively cooler days, U.S. military personnel wearing heavy protective clothing and performing labor-intensive tasks not only are uncomfortable, but may be vulnerable to heat stress.

12-Nov-2003
Military extends 'protect and defend' motto to the ecosystem
Experts in hydrology, soils, remote sensing and wildlife habitat analysis from Pacific Northwest National Laboratory are developing technologies that will help the U.S. Army's Yakima Training Center assess how military training exercises impact the site's arid ecosystem and make decisions about land use. The YTC is located in Washington state.

12-Nov-2003
Science, technology and America's military in the 21st century
PNNL capabilities are supporting the armed forces in a time of change.

4-Nov-2003
Researchers help county balance water and growth equation
Population growth in a city or county often is a sign of health--a positive reflection of a region's economic, social, environmental and other "quality of life" features. But for many municipalities, maintaining a healthy balance between regional growth and natural resource management is increasingly difficult.