U.S. Department of Energy Research News

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1-Oct-2001
Nanocrystals: The shape of things to come
Nanocrystals are particularly attractive as building blocks for larger structures because it's possible - even easy - to prepare nanocrystals that are highly perfect.

1-Oct-2001
Award-winning gasoline reformer is a catalyst for change
Instead of spark plugs and cylinders, environmentally friendly fuel cell engines may be under the hoods of the cars of the future. But first, scientists must find a practical and economical way to supply the hydrogen gas needed to power them. Chemical engineers at Argonne have developed and patented a compact fuel processor that �reforms� ordinary gasoline into a hydrogen-rich gas to power fuel cells.

28-Sep-2001
The last universal physicist
On the occasion of his one hundredth birthday, we honor a great scientist who was born in Italy, made immense and lasting contributions to the birth of modern physics, and emigrated to the United States, where he carried out experiments and theoretical studies that ushered in the atomic age.

24-Sep-2001
3-D holographic scanner for better airport security
The September 11 terrorist attack on the World Trade Center in New York and the Pentagon in Washington, D.C., using hi-jacked commercial airliners has sparked stringent security measures at airports across the nation. Passengers and their luggage are being physically searched before boarding every flight.

17-Sep-2001
Long-life rechargeable batteries
If you're tired of cell phones and laptops that quickly lose their charge�or worse, their ability to be recharged�help may be on the way. Brookhaven National Laboratory scientists James Reilly, Gordana Adzic, John Johnson, Thomas Vogt, and James McBreen have developed a new metal alloy that could greatly improve the performance of rechargeable batteries.

17-Sep-2001
Mauna Loa CO₂ measurements are the longest continuous record in the world
The Mauna Loa atmospheric CO₂ measurements, which began in 1958, constitute the longest continuous record of atmospheric CO₂ concentrations available in the world. The Mauna Loa site is considered one of the most favorable locations for measuring undisturbed air because possible local influences of vegetation or human activities on atmospheric CO₂ concentrations are minimal and any influences from volcanic vents may be excluded from the records.

14-Sep-2001
Tools for healing
Discoveries in physics have helped forge dramatic advances in cancer treatment for over a century. In 1950-54, according to the National Cancer Institute, the five-year survival rate for all cancers was 35 percent; by 2000 it was 59 percent. With early detection and treatment, the five-year survival rate for screenable cancers is now 80 percent.

14-Sep-2001
Tools for the future
The future of accelerator physics isn't just for physicists. As in the past, tomorrow's discoveries in particle accelerator science may lead to unexpected applications for medical diagnosis, healing and the understanding of human biology.

14-Sep-2001
Tools for biomedical research
At the forefront of biomedical research, medical scientists use particle accelerators to explore the structure of biological molecules. They use the energy that charged particles emit when accelerated to nearly the speed of light to create one of the brightest lights on earth, 30 times more powerful than the sun and focused on a pinpoint.

14-Sep-2001
Neutrons against cancer
The idea to build a Neutron Therapy Facility at Fermilab developed in the early 1970s when physicians and physicists shared a vision: to wield accelerator technology to combat cancer. Today, more than 3,100 patients have come to Fermilab in the hope of finding a cure for some of the worst tumors known in the medical field.

14-Sep-2001
Tools for diagnosis
Advances in technology for medical diagnosis have created extraordinary new capabilities for imaging the human body. Many of medicine's most powerful diagnostic tools incorporate technology that physicists originally developed to explore the fundamental nature of matter.

14-Sep-2001
Interdependent sciences: Physics and medicine
Many diagnostic and therapeutic techniques that have revolutionized medicine are also symbols of the interdependence of the physical and biomedical sciences. Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Neutron Therapy are just two of the prominent examples of the successful collaboration among innovative medical researchers, physical scientists and engineers.

10-Sep-2001
Gene therapy reduces drinking in 'alcoholic' rats
Scientists at Brookhaven National Laboratory have shown that increasing the level of a brain protein important for transmitting pleasure signals can turn rats that prefer alcohol into light drinkers, and those with no preference into near teetotalers.

10-Sep-2001
Nanotemplates for nanostructures
Coffee beans spilled upon a table form no pattern�they're a mess�their distribution dictated by the laws of chance. The same was generally believed true of atoms deposited upon a substrate. The first vision of a peaceable kingdom in which deposited atoms form orderly, controllable 2-D nanopatterns has been observed by researchers at the Sandia National Laboratories.

1-Sep-2001
Insuring safety in future nuclear power systems
A research project to help ensure the safety of future nuclear power systems is being awarded $940,000 funding for a three-phase project under the Department of Energy's Nuclear Energy Research Initiative.

1-Sep-2001
Lab receives three-year funding for computing research
Ames Lab will be able to scale up its efforts to develop advanced scientific computing codes that can take advantage of today's extraordinary progress in computing technology thanks to the Department of Energy's Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing initiative.

1-Sep-2001
A new addition for weighty research
The latest addition to the Laboratory's collection of FTICR mass spectrometers is the most powerful available commercially. It measures the mass of peptides �small structural units obtained by cutting proteins into pieces � with such sensitivity and precision that scientists can detect hundreds of thousands of peptide species in a single analysis.

1-Sep-2001
Arming against online attacks
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory researchers specializing in cyber security believe that when it comes to computer hackers, prevention is the best medicine.

1-Sep-2001
Habitat mapping
Using a combination of side-scan sonar and underwater videography, researchers at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory have successfully characterized a large section of shoreline habitat on Washington's Puget Sound. "This is the first time anybody has developed a comprehensive, continuous map of a large section of shoreline with this combined technique," said Dana Woodruff, project director at Pacific Northwest's Marine Sciences Laboratory.

1-Sep-2001
Pumping up safety in refining gasoline
Researchers at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory have developed a new solid acid catalyst that may provide oil producers worldwide with a safer approach for refining unleaded gasoline with reasonably high octane.

1-Sep-2001
Contributing to a nuclear renaissance
The Laboratory is launching an Advanced Nuclear Science and Technology Initiative (ANSTI), under the leadership of senior scientist Leonard Bond. "Nuclear science and technology is a major component of the Laboratory's current activities," Bond said. "ANSTI is building on our existing capabilities to support a national nuclear renaissance."

1-Sep-2001
Regular checkups reduce energy use
A prototype of software developed by researchers at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is providing buildings across the United States with the equivalent of their own full-time doctor.

1-Sep-2001
Better lighting � the next bright idea in improving productivity?
A consortium of major building companies, government agencies and nonprofit organizations is exploring the connection between productivity and a well-lit workplace.

1-Sep-2001
Hello air-conditioner, how are you?
Researchers have designed and built a system to remotely monitor and diagnose the performance of rooftop air-conditioners. The easy-to-install system measures air intake and temperatures from within the unit. The measurements then appear in real-time on a Web page that is automatically generated.

1-Sep-2001
Taming the power of power
Joe Oliveira, Janet Jones-Oliveira and a team of engineering experts are taking the first steps toward developing a computer model of the way our country's electrical generating and transmission, distribution and end-user systems operate. This is a daunting challenge because the systems have changed radically in recent years.