EurekAlert! - National Institutes of Health

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Public Release: 15-Oct-2009
UNC scientists win $1.6 million stimulus award to accelerate decoding of human genome
UNC's Morgan Giddings, Ph.D., and Xian Chen, Ph.D., have been awarded a $1.6 million two-year "Grand Opportunities" grant from the National Human Genome Research Institute to accelerate this research. Their effort will be part of a consortium of investigators studying the human genome blueprint, titled the "ENCyclopedia Of DNA Elements." The consortium's overall goal is to assemble a comprehensive catalog of functional elements in the human genome.

NIH/National Human Genome Research Institute

Public Release: 15-Oct-2009
ResearchToolkit.org provides 1-stop Web resource for health researchers
Group Health Research Institute; University of Washington, Institute of Translational Health Sciences; Duke Translational Medicine Institute; and Wayne State University have developed a new Web site to help researchers create and sustain successful multisite research collaborations. The project team created the site to enhance the efficiency of research from start to finish, including developing research networks, launching and managing projects, and sharing study results or other products such as data sets, tools and training resources.

NIH/National Center for Research Resources

Public Release: 15-Oct-2009

Science
Rare procedure documents how the human brain computes language
A study by researchers at the University of California, San Diego School of Medicine reports a significant breakthrough in explaining gaps in scientists' understanding of human brain function. The study -- which provides a picture of language processing in the brain with unprecedented clarity -- will be published in the Oct. 16 issue of the journal Science.

NIH/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Mental Illness and Neuroscience Discovery Institute at Harvard University, Weill Medical College

Public Release: 15-Oct-2009

Cell
Stretching the Golgi: a link between form and function
A research team at the University of California, San Diego School of Medicine has provided a surprisingly simple explanation for the mechanism and features of the "Golgi apparatus" -- a structure that has baffled generations of scientists. The model developed by the UC San Diego scientists suggests that the Golgi's unusual shape is a direct consequence of the way it works.

NIH/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, American Cancer Society Fellowship, Burroughs Wellcome Fund, V Foundation, NIH New Innovator Award

Public Release: 14-Oct-2009
MSU becoming center of excellence for Parkinson's research
A team of researchers from Michigan State University and the University of Cincinnati have been awarded a $6.2 million Morris K. Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's disease grant.

NIH/National Institute for Neurological Disorders and Stroke

Public Release: 14-Oct-2009

PLoS ONE
New research reveals 41 percent increase in children's short stay hospital admissions
The number of children being admitted to hospitals in England for short stays increased by 41 percent between 1996 and 2006, according to research published in PLoS One today. The authors of the study, from Imperial College London, say this increase may be linked to a shortfall in out-of-hours primary care services, but further research is needed before they can draw any firm conclusions.

NIH/National Institutes for Health Research

Public Release: 13-Oct-2009

Nature Molecular Systems Biology
Mathematical modeling correctly predicts previously unknown biological mechanism of regulation
A team of scientists, led by a biomedical engineer at The University of Texas at Austin, have demonstrated � for the first time � that mathematical models created from data obtained by DNA microarrays, can be used to correctly predict previously unknown cellular mechanisms. This brings biologists a step closer to one day being able to understand and control the inner workings of the cell as readily as NASA engineers plot the trajectories of spacecraft today.

NIH/National Human Genome Research Institute, National Science Foundation, American Institute for Mathematics and Cancer Research

Public Release: 13-Oct-2009
NIH funds new virus database at UT Southwestern
The National Institutes of Health has awarded a $15.7 million contract to UT Southwestern Medical Center and Northrop Grumman Corp. to develop an open-access national online database and analysis resource center that will help scientists study and combat viruses such as those that cause hepatitis, encephalitis, smallpox, acute respiratory distress and dengue fever, as well as newly emerging pathogenic viruses.

NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

Public Release: 13-Oct-2009
UNC researcher awarded grant for anti-diarrhea vaccine study in Nicaragua
A University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill researcher has been awarded a four-year, $507,000 grant from the National Institute of Health's Fogarty International Center to study the effectiveness of rotavirus vaccines in the Central American nation of Nicaragua.

NIH/Fogarty International Center

Public Release: 13-Oct-2009

Current Biology
Researchers discover mechanism that helps humans see in bright and low light
Ever wonder how your eyes adjust during a blackout? When we go from light to near total darkness, cells in the retina must quickly adjust. Vision scientists at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis have identified an intricate process that allows the human eye to adapt to darkness very quickly. The same process also allows the eye to function in bright light. The discovery could contribute to better understanding of human diseases that affect the retina, including age-related macular degeneration.

NIH/National Eye Institute, Research to Prevent Blindness

Public Release: 13-Oct-2009
UNC awarded $6.2 million renewal grant by NIH Rare Diseases Research Network
The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill has been awarded a five-year, $6.2 million renewal grant to continue its work as part of the National Institutes of Health's Rare Diseases Clinical Research Network.

NIH/Rare Diseases Clinical Research Network

Public Release: 13-Oct-2009

Journal of Neuroscience
Comfort food: Chocolate, water reduce pain response to heat
People often eat food to feel better, but researchers have found that eating chocolate or drinking water can blunt pain, reducing a rat's response to a hot stimulus. This natural form of pain relief may help animals in the wild avoid distraction while eating scarce food, but in modern humans with readily available food, the effect may contribute to overeating and obesity.

NIH/National Institute on Drug Abuse, Women's Council of the Brain Research Foundation

Public Release: 13-Oct-2009

JAMA
Study examines mastectomy and breast-conserving surgery rates
There is concern that mastectomy is over-utilized in the United States, which raises questions about the role of surgeons and patient preference in treatment selection for breast cancer. New data from an observational study published in the Oct. 14 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association, a theme issue on surgical care, found that breast-conserving surgery was presented and provided in the majority of patients evaluated.

NIH/National Cancer Institute, American Cancer Society

Public Release: 13-Oct-2009

Topics in Cognitive Science
Recent 'momentum' influences choices of baby names, NYU, Indiana psychology professors find
New research by psychologists at New York University and Indiana University, Bloomington, suggests that the change in popularity of babies' names over time increasingly influences naming decisions in the United States. Like momentum traders in the stock market, parents today appear to favor names that have recently risen in popularity relative to names that are on the decline.

NIH/National Institute of Mental Health, National Science Foundation