EurekAlert! - National Institutes of Health

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Public Release: 30-Sep-2009
Australia's largest clinical trial to test benefits of aspirin
Researchers at Monash University and the United States-based Berman Center for Outcomes & Clinical Research will lead an international clinical trial to test whether taking aspirin contributes to good health in the elderly.

NIH/National Institute on Aging, National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia

Public Release: 30-Sep-2009
Stimulus grant to fund whole-genome sequencing in children with autism
Children's Hospital Boston, with the Broad Institute and Harvard Medical School, has been awarded a Grand Opportunity grant from the National Institute of Mental Health as part of the federal stimulus package, to pursue "whole-genome" sequencing of patients with autism, using new technologies for rapid DNA sequencing to better understand autism's causes. The roughly $4.5 million grant is part of the federal Recovery Act funding announced today. All genetic sequence data will be made publicly available.

NIH/National Institute of Mental Health

Public Release: 30-Sep-2009
UNC awarded Cancer Genome Atlas grant
The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill is one of 12 centers announced today by President Obama as part of an unprecedented large-scale, collaborative effort by the National Cancer Institute and the National Human Genome Research Institute to systematically characterize the genomic changes that occur in cancer.

NIH/National Cancer Institute, NIH/National Human Genome Research Institute

Public Release: 30-Sep-2009

New England Journal of Medicine
Complications are not best predictor of hospital mortality
The assumption is high mortality hospitals have high complication rates. But in this week's New England Journal of Medicine a University of Michigan report shows complications are common after major surgery -- about one in six patients. What distinguishes good and bad hospitals is how proficient they are at rescuing patients from those complications. Patients at high mortality hospitals are twice as likely to die from a post-surgical complication.

NIH/National Cancer Institute, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality

Public Release: 30-Sep-2009

New England Journal of Medicine
Treating pregnant women for mild gestational diabetes reduces serious birthing problems
Treating pregnant women for mild gestational diabetes resulted in fewer cesarean sections and other serious birthing problems associated with larger than average babies, according to a study conducted in part at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

NIH/Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, General Clinical Research Centers, NIH/National Center for Research Resources

Public Release: 30-Sep-2009

Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease
Prenatal exposure to flu pandemic increased chances of heart disease
People exposed to a H1NI strain of influenza A while in utero were significantly more likely to have cardiovascular disease later in life. "Our point is that during pregnancy, even mild sickness from flu could affect development with longer consequences," said Caleb Finch, USC professor of gerontology and biological sciences.

NIH/National Institute on Aging, Ellison Medical Foundation, Ruth Ziegler Fund

Public Release: 29-Sep-2009
UT Houston, Jamaica researchers launch autism study
Researchers at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston and the University of the West Indies have joined forces to launch a study of Jamaican children that they hope will unlock the secrets of how genetics and environment may interact to cause autism spectrum disorders. The research is funded with a two-year, $300,000 exploratory grant from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development and Fogarty International Center.

NIH/National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Fogerty International Center

Public Release: 29-Sep-2009

Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology
Oleocanthal may help prevent, treat Alzheimer's
Oleocanthal, a naturally occurring compound in extra-virgin olive oil, alters the structure and increases antibody recognition of neurotoxic proteins associated with Alzheimer's disease. The structural change impedes the proteins' ability to damage brain nerve cells, while increased antibody recognition may enhance immunotherapy-based treatments. The findings suggest that oleocanthal may have potential as a preventative and therapeutic agent for Alzheimer's.

NIH/National Institute on Aging

Public Release: 29-Sep-2009

Journal of Medical Care
Training clinicians helps reduce rates of early childhood cavities
Researchers at Boston University School of Medicine have found that pediatricians provided with the proper communication, educational and information technology tools and training could reduce the rates of children developing early childhood caries or cavities by 77 percent. This study appears in the October issue of the Journal Medical Care.

NIH/National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research

Public Release: 29-Sep-2009

Journal of Neuroscience
Protein inhibitor helps rid brain of toxic tau protein
Inhibiting the protein Hsp70 rapidly reduces brain levels of tau, a protein associated with Alzheimer's disease when it accumulates as memory-choking tangles. One of the more effective Hsp70-inhibitor drugs was a derivative of methylthioninium chloride, or Rember, the laboratory study by neuroscientists at the University of South Florida found.

Alzheimer's Association, NIH/National Institute on Aging, Abe and Irene Pollin Fund for CDB/CurePSP, NIH/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke

Public Release: 29-Sep-2009

Arthritis & Rheumatism
Scientists find obesity alone does not cause arthritis in animals
The link between obesity and osteoarthritis may be more than just the wear and tear on the skeleton caused by added weight. A Duke University study has found that the absence of the appetite hormone leptin can determine whether obese mice experience arthritis, no matter how heavy they are.

NIH/National Institute for Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Arthritis Foundation

Public Release: 28-Sep-2009

American Journal of Human Biology
Studies examine how living conditions impact reproductive health
Life is all about tradeoffs. Recently published research by Virginia J. Vitzthum, senior scientist at Indiana University's Kinsey Institute and professor in the department of anthropology, has shown that during periods of intense labor and low food intake, rates of early pregnancy loss can more than double. In a second study involving men, she reports a similar relationship between reproductive fitness and external influences.

National Science Foundation, NIH/National Institute for Mental Health

Public Release: 28-Sep-2009

Neurology
Impaired kidney function linked to cognitive decline in elderly
A new study published in the medical journal Neurology suggests that impaired kidney function is a risk factor for cognitive decline in old age.

NIH/National Institute on Aging, Illinois Department of Public Health, Robert C. Borwell Endowment Fund

Public Release: 28-Sep-2009

Nature Nanotechnology
UC nanotech researchers develop artificial pore
Using an RNA-powered nanomotor, University of Cincinnati biomedical engineering researchers have successfully developed an artificial pore able to transmit nanoscale material through a membrane.

NIH/Nanomedicine Development Center

Public Release: 28-Sep-2009
UNC wins $8.6 million NIH award to study underlying causes of psychiatric disorders
UNC awarded $8.6 million over five years to fund research in underlying causes of psychiatric disorders.

National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH/National Institute of Mental Health

Public Release: 28-Sep-2009

Pediatrics
Universal screening lowers risk of severe jaundice in infants
Screening all newborns for excessive bilirubin in the blood can significantly decrease the incidence of severe jaundice which, in extreme cases, can lead to seizures and brain damage, according to researchers at UCSF Children's Hospital and Kaiser Permanente's Division of Research in Oakland, Calif.

NIH/National Institute of Child Health and Human Development