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Public Release: 11-Sep-2009

American Journal of Epidemiology
Mandatory alcohol testing for truck and bus drivers reduces alcohol involvement in fatal crashes
Mandatory alcohol testing programs for truck and bus drivers have contributed to a significant reduction in alcohol involvement in fatal crashes. Based on a study sample of nearly 70,000 motor carrier (heavy trucks and buses) drivers and over 83,000 nonmotor-carrier (car) drivers, the estimated net effect of these programs was a 23 percent reduced risk of alcohol involvement in fatal crashes.

NIH/National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health

Public Release: 11-Sep-2009

Genes & Development
Inner workings of molecular thermostat point to pathways to fight diabetes, obesity
Researchers have discovered a molecular circuit involving the oxygen-carrying component of hemoglobin -- heme -- that helps maintain proper metabolism in the body, providing new insights into metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes. This happens through a molecular pathway that allows the cell to monitor and adjust internal heme levels via Rev-erbα, creating more when heme levels fall, and slowing it down when levels rise.

NIH/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases

Public Release: 10-Sep-2009
Finding of genetic region controlling cardiovascular sensitivity to anesthetic propofol
Researchers at the Medical College of Wisconsin in Milwaukee have identified the genetic region in rats responsible for cardiovascular collapse during anesthesia. While it is well known that people have different cardiovascular sensitivity to anesthesia causing some to collapse even when low doses are administered, the mechanism responsible for this susceptibility is not clear.

NIH/National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH/National Institute of General Medical Sciences

Public Release: 10-Sep-2009

Science
Vaccination of 70 percent of US population could control swine flu pandemic
An aggressive vaccination program that first targets children and ultimately reaches 70 percent of the US population would mitigate pandemic influenza H1N1 that is expected this fall, according to computer modeling and analysis of observational studies conducted by researchers at the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center.

NIH/National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

Public Release: 9-Sep-2009
Children's Hospital receives federal contract to study antibiotic use in children with UTIs
In the largest study of its kind, pediatric researchers at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia have received a federal contract for a project to determine the most beneficial method of using antibiotics to treat urinary tract infections in children. The clinical trial will investigate whether a short course of antibiotics is effective, while reducing the risk of drug resistance.

NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

Public Release: 9-Sep-2009

Circulation: Journal of the American Heart Association
Lead in bone associated with increased risk of death from cardiovascular disease in men
In a new study, researchers at the Harvard School of Public Health and the University of Michigan School of Public Health found that bone lead was associated with a higher risk of death from all causes, particularly from cardiovascular disease. It is the first study to analyze the association between bone lead and mortality.

NIH/National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences

Public Release: 9-Sep-2009

Journal of National Cancer Institute
Link found between common sexual infection and risk of aggressive prostate cancer
A new study from Harvard School of Public Health and Brigham and Women's Hospital researchers has found a strong association between the common sexually transmitted infection, Trichomonas vaginalis, and risk of advanced and lethal prostate cancer in men.

NIH/National Cancer Institute, NIH/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Harvard University Milton Fund, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center Prostate SPORE, Prostate Cancer Foundation

Public Release: 9-Sep-2009

Neuron
Nicotine creates stronger memories, cues to drug use
Ever wonder why former smokers miss lighting up most when they are in a bar or after a meal with friends? Researchers at Baylor College of Medicine say nicotine, the addictive component in cigarettes, "tricks" the brain into creating memory associations between environmental cues and smoking behavior. The findings appear in the current issue of the journal Neuron.

NIH/National Institute of Neurology Disorders and Stroke, NIH/National Institute on Drug Abuse