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Showing releases 3201-3225 out of 3304.

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Public Release: 16-Aug-2012
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society.
Secrets of 'SuperAger' brains
Scientists for the first time have identified an elite group of elderly people age 80 and older whose memories are as sharp as people 20 to 30 years younger than them. And on 3-D MRI scans, the "SuperAgers"' brains appear as young -- and one brain region was even bigger -- than the brains of the middle-aged participants. The SuperAger's cortex was astoundingly vital and resembled the cortex of people ages 50 to 65.
NIH/National Institute on Aging, Davee Foundation

Contact: Marla Paul
Marla-Paul@northwestern.edu
312-503-8928
Northwestern University

Public Release: 16-Aug-2012
Cell
Researchers uncover how poxviruses such as smallpox evolve rapidly -- despite low mutation rates
Poxviruses, a group of DNA-containing viruses that includes smallpox, are responsible for a wide range of diseases in humans and animals. They are highly virulent and able to cross species barriers, yet how they do so has been largely a mystery because of their low mutation rates.
National Institutes of Health, National Science Foundation, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Life Sciences Research Foundation

Contact: Kristen Woodward
kwoodwar@fhcrc.org
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center

Public Release: 15-Aug-2012
Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
Team uncovers link between hormone levels and risk for metabolic disease
Working with a national team of researchers, a scientist from the Florida campus of the Scripps Research Institute has shown for the first time a link between low levels of a specific hormone and increased risk of metabolic disease in humans.
National Institutes of Health, American Diabetes Association, Novo Nordisk, others

Contact: Eric Sauter
esauter@scripps.edu
267-337-3859
Scripps Research Institute

Public Release: 15-Aug-2012
Cell
'CYCLOPS' genes may serve as an Achilles' heel in tumor cells
Scientists at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard have identified a new class of genes that may serve as an Achilles' heel for many forms of cancer. These genes don't cause normal cells to turn cancerous. Instead, they are essential to all cells but have been disrupted as cancer progresses. Because these genes are often neighbors of tumor suppressor genes, they may be attractive as drug targets.
National Institutes of Health, NIH/National Cancer Institute, H.L. Snyder Medical Foundation, V Foundation, Conquer Cancer Foundation

Contact: Anne Doerr
anne_doerr@dfci.harvard.edu
617-632-5665
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute

Public Release: 15-Aug-2012
Journal of Infectious Diseases
Danger in the blood: U-M scientists show how antibiotic-resisting bacterial infections may form
New research may help explain why hundreds of thousands of Americans a year get sick -- and tens of thousands die -- after bacteria get into their blood. It also suggests why some of those bloodstream infections resist treatment with even the most powerful antibiotics.
National Institutes of Health, Society for Academic Emergency Medicine

Contact: Kara Gavin
kegavin@umich.edu
734-764-2220
University of Michigan Health System

Public Release: 15-Aug-2012
Science Translational Medicine
New nanoparticles shrink tumors in mice
MIT researchers have developed RNA-delivering nanoparticles that allow for rapid screening of new drug targets in mice.
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, NIH/National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health

Contact: Sarah McDonnell
s_mcd@mit.edu
617-253-8923
Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Public Release: 15-Aug-2012
Journal of Hazardous Materials
Antimicrobials from personal care products found in statewide survey of Minnesota's rivers and lakes
In our zest for cleanliness, have we permanently muddied our nation's waters? A science team from Arizona State University, in collaboration with federal partners, has completed the first statewide analysis of freshwater bodies in Minnesota, finding widespread evidence of the presence of active ingredients of personal care products in Minnesota lakes, streams and rivers.
NIH/National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences

Contact: Joe Caspermeyer
joseph.caspermeyer@asu.edu
480-727-0369
Arizona State University

Public Release: 15-Aug-2012
PLOS ONE
University of Maryland researchers identify gut bacteria linked to obesity and metabolic syndrome
Researchers at the University of Maryland School of Medicine have identified 26 species of bacteria in the human gut microbiota that appear to be linked to obesity and related metabolic complications. These include insulin resistance, high blood sugar levels, increased blood pressure and high cholesterol, known collectively as "the metabolic syndrome," which significantly increases an individual's risk of developing diabetes, cardiovascular disease and stroke. The study analyzed data from the Old Order Amish in Lancaster County, Pa.
National Institutes of Health

Contact: Karen Warmkessel
kwarmkessel@umm.edu
41-032-819-194-104-04153
University of Maryland Medical Center

Public Release: 15-Aug-2012
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Breastfeeding may protect infants from HIV transmission
An international team of researchers has found that certain bioactive components found in human milk are associated with a reduced risk of HIV transmission from an HIV infected mother to her breast-fed infant. Their study will be published in the Aug. 15 online edition of American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.
NIH/National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, others

Contact: Debra Kain
ddkain@ucsd.edu
619-543-6163
University of California - San Diego

Public Release: 15-Aug-2012
Science Translational Medicine
Scientists discover previously unknown cleaning system in brain
A previously unrecognized system that drains waste from the brain at a rapid clip has been discovered by neuroscientists at the University of Rochester Medical Center. The highly organized system acts like a series of pipes that piggyback on the brain's blood vessels, sort of a shadow plumbing system that seems to serve much the same function in the brain as the lymph system does in the rest of the body -- to drain away waste products.
National Institutes of Health, US Department of Defense

Contact: Tom Rickey
tom_rickey@urmc.rochester.edu
585-275-7954
University of Rochester Medical Center

Public Release: 15-Aug-2012
Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research
Both early alcohol use and early intoxication can herald trouble for college students
Research shows that the earlier one drinks, the greater the chances of later alcohol-related problems. Researchers examined age at first drink (AFD) as well as drinking to intoxication among college students. Findings showed that both an early AFD and a quick progression to drinking to intoxication can lead to heavy drinking and problems during the years from high school through to college.
NIH/National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH/Office of Research

Contact: Meghan Rabbitt Morean, Ph.D.
meghan.morean@yale.edu
203-974-7809
Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research

Public Release: 15-Aug-2012
Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research
Tracking the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure through to 9 years of age
Although studies of alcohol's effects on fetal growth have consistently demonstrated deficits that persist through infancy, the data on long-term postnatal growth from human studies have been inconsistent. A new study of the effects of heavy prenatal alcohol exposure on growth and body composition throughout childhood has found growth restrictions that persist through to nine years of age, as well as a delay in weight gain during infancy, both of which were exacerbated by iron deficiency.
NIH/National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH/Office of Research

Contact: R. Colin Carter, M.D.
robertcolin.carter@childrens.harvard.edu
617-355-6624
Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research

Public Release: 14-Aug-2012
Journal of the American Chemical Society
Color-coded markers may help doctors diagnose neural diseases through the eyes
Scientists have devised several new fluorescent probes that change color depending on what type of amyloid they encounter. Because amyloids accumulate in the eye as well as the brain, their discovery offers hope that one day neurodegenerative diseases could be differentially diagnosed with simple eye drops or ointment and an eye exam.
National Science Foundation, National Institutes of Health

Contact: Susan Brown
sdbrown@ucsd.edu
858-246-0161
University of California - San Diego

Public Release: 14-Aug-2012
Metabolism
Study finds that yo-yo dieting does not thwart weight loss efforts or alter metabolism long term
A new study by researchers at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, published online in the journal Metabolism, for the first time has shown that a history of yo-yo dieting does not negatively affect metabolism or the ability to lose weight long term.
National Institutes of Health, NIH/National Cancer Institute, Canadian Institutes of Health

Contact: Kristen Woodward
kwoodwar@fhcrc.org
206-667-5095
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center

Public Release: 14-Aug-2012
$16 million NIH grant will fund center to research, treat blood clots
University of Utah Department of Medicine researchers have received $16 million from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to set up a translational research center to study the cellular and molecular causes of blood clots, a serious threat to millions of people who have diabetes, are obese or have other metabolic disorders.
National Institutes of Health

Contact: Phil Sahm
phil.sahm@hsc.utah.edu
801-581-2517
University of Utah Health Sciences

Public Release: 14-Aug-2012
Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
Girls with ADHD more prone to self-injury, suicide as they enter adulthood
Girls with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) -- and their families -- often look forward to the likely decline in visible symptoms such as fidgety or disruptive behavior as they mature into young women. However, new findings from UC Berkeley caution that, as they enter adulthood, girls with histories of ADHD are more prone to internalize their struggles and feelings of failure -- a development that can manifest itself in self-injury and even attempted suicide.
NIH/National Institute of Mental Health

Contact: Stephen Hinshaw
hinshaw@berkeley.edu
510-206-2295
University of California - Berkeley

Public Release: 14-Aug-2012
NIH backs Rice University study of delay in gene transcription networks
The National Institutes of Health support a Rice study to see how delays in gene transcription affect cellular processes.
National Institutes of Health

Contact: David Ruth
david@rice.edu
713-348-6327
Rice University

Public Release: 14-Aug-2012
Biomaterials
Success of engineered tissue depends on where it's grown
MIT researchers led by Elazer Edelman, the Thomas D. and Virginia W. Cabot Professor of Health Sciences and Technology, have now shown that implanted cells' therapeutic properties depend on their shape, which is determined by the type of scaffold on which they are grown. The work could allow scientists to develop even more effective implants and also target many other diseases, including cancer.
National Institutes of Health, American Heart Association, David H. Koch Foundation

Contact: Caroline McCall
cmccall5@mit.edu
Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Public Release: 14-Aug-2012
Cancer Research
Scientists devise new strategy to destroy multiple myeloma
Researchers at Virginia Commonwealth University Massey Cancer Center are reporting promising results from laboratory and animal experiments involving a new combination therapy for multiple myeloma, the second most common form of blood cancer.
National Institutes of Health

Contact: John Wallace
wallacej@vcu.edu
804-628-1550
Virginia Commonwealth University

Public Release: 14-Aug-2012
PLOS ONE
Studies seek better understanding and treatment of depression
Connecting the dots between two molecules whose levels are decreased in depression and increased by current antidepressants could yield new therapies, researchers say. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that enables brain cells to communicate and brain-derived neurotropic factor, or BDNF, is a brain-nourishing molecule that also aids connectivity. Popular antidepressants such as Prozac, developed to increase levels of serotonin, have recently been found to also increase BDNF levels, said Dr. Anilkumar Pillai, neuroscientist at the Medical College of Georgia at Georgia Health Sciences University.
NIH/National Institute of Mental Health

Contact: Toni Baker
tbaker@georgiahealth.edu
706-721-4421
Medical College of Georgia at Georgia Regents University

Public Release: 14-Aug-2012
Researchers aim to grow salivary glands using patient's own cells
Biologists, oncologists and tissue engineers from Rice University, the University of Delaware and the Christiana Care Health System in Wilmington, Del., have received a four-year, $2.5 million grant from the National Institutes of Health to develop methods for growing whole salivary glands that can be transplanted to replace those destroyed by cancer radiation therapy.
National Institutes of Health

Contact: David Ruth
david@rice.edu
713-348-6327
Rice University

Public Release: 14-Aug-2012
Journal of Neuroscience
Scientists can now block heroin, morphine addiction
In a major breakthrough, an international team of scientists has proven that addiction to morphine and heroin can be blocked, while at the same time increasing pain relief.
NIH/National Institute on Drug Abuse, Australian Research Council

Contact: Dr. Mark Hutchinson
mark.hutchinson@adelaide.edu.au
61-883-130-322
University of Adelaide

Public Release: 14-Aug-2012
Work, Employment & Society
Mysterious snake disease decoded
A novel virus has been identified as the possible cause of a common but mysterious disease that kills a significant number of pet snakes all over the world, thanks to research led by scientists at the University of California, San Francisco -- and three snakes named Juliet, Balthazar and Larry.
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, National Institutes of Health

Contact: Jennifer O'Brien
jennifer.obrien@ucsf.edu
415-502-6397
University of California - San Francisco

Public Release: 14-Aug-2012
Molecular Psychiatry
First GWAS studies of obsessive-compulsive disorder and Tourette syndrome published
Two papers that will appear in the journal Molecular Psychiatry, both receiving advance online release, may help identify gene variants that contribute to the risks of developing obsessive-compulsive disorder or Tourette syndrome. Both multi-institutional studies are the first genome-wide association studies in the largest groups of individuals affected by the conditions.
National Institutes of Health, Tourette Syndrome Association, David Judah Fund, McIngvale Fund

Contact: Sue McGreevey
smcgreevey@partners.org
617-724-2764
Massachusetts General Hospital

Public Release: 14-Aug-2012
Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology
Blood type may influence heart disease risk
Having blood type A, B, or AB was associated with a higher risk for coronary heart disease when compared to those who had blood type O. Genetics determine blood type, but a healthy lifestyle may help protect those with types A, B or AB. The findings were based on two large studies of adults followed for at least 20 years.
National Institutes of Health, AHA Scientist Development Award, Boston Obesity Nutrition Research Center

Contact: Karen Astle
karen.astle@heart.org
214-706-1392
American Heart Association

Showing releases 3201-3225 out of 3304.

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