EurekAlert! - National Institutes of Health

Showing releases 376-400 out of 608 releases.
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Public Release: 10-Aug-2009

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Traffic jam in brain causes schizophrenia symptoms
Northwestern researchers have discovered that schizophrenia symptoms -- which begin to develop in adolescents -- are caused by a low level of a brain protein necessary to build pathways between neurons. Without enough of the protein, there are too few roads for information to flow between neurons -- causing a traffic jam in the brain. This discovery provides a fresh target for treatment.

NIH/National Institute of Mental Health, National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression, Alzheimer's Association

Public Release: 10-Aug-2009

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
New genes at work in patients with hereditary lung disease
Researchers at the University of Massachusetts Medical School and the University of Florida in Gainesville have safely given new, functional genes to patients with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, a hereditary defect that can lead to fatal lung and liver diseases.

NIH/National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, UF, NIH/National Center for Research Resources, Alpha-1 Foundation, Applied Genetic Technologies Corp.

Public Release: 10-Aug-2009

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Avian influenza strain primes brain for Parkinson's disease
At least one strain of the H5N1 avian influenza virus leaves survivors at significantly increased risk for Parkinson's disease and possibly other neurological problems later in life, according to new research from St. Jude Children's Research Hospital.

NIH/ National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Parkinson's Foundation, Michael J. Fox Foundation, National Institutes of Health, American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities

Public Release: 10-Aug-2009

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
New genes at work in patients with hereditary lung disease
Gene therapy researchers have safely given new, functional genes to patients with a hereditary defect that can lead to fatal lung and liver diseases, according to clinical trial findings. Three patients, apparently for the first time in their lives, produced trace amounts of the protective form of a protein called alpha-1 antitrypsin for up to one year, a potential step toward a gene therapy for about 100,000 Americans with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency.

NIH/National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH/National Center for Research Resources, Alpha-1 Foundation, Applied Genetic Technologies Corp.

Public Release: 10-Aug-2009
Burnham chosen as Comprehensive Center in new National Cancer Institute Chemical Biology Consortium
Burnham Institute for Medical Research has been selected as a comprehensive center in a new National Cancer Institute Chemical Biology Consortium, an integrated network of chemical biologists, molecular oncologists and chemical screening centers. The consortium will establish a new paradigm in the use of public-private partnerships to translate knowledge from leading academic institutions into new drug treatments for patients with cancer.

NIH/National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health

Public Release: 10-Aug-2009

Journal of Neuroscience
Life and death in the living brain
Like clockwork, brain regions in many songbird species expand and shrink seasonally in response to hormones. Now, for the first time, neurobiologists have interrupted this natural "annual remodeling" of the brain and have shown that there is a direct link between the death of old neurons and their replacement by newly born ones in a living vertebrate.

NIH/National Institute of Mental Health

Public Release: 10-Aug-2009

Biochemistry
New class of compounds discovered for potential Alzheimer's disease drug
A new class of molecules capable of blocking the formation of specific protein clumps that are believed to contribute to Alzheimer's disease pathology has been discovered by researchers at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine. By assaying close to 300,000 compounds, they have identified drug-like inhibitors of AD tau protein clumping.

NIH/National Institute on Aging, NIH/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Marian S. Ware Alzheimer Program, NIH Roadmap for Medical Research, NIH/National Human Genome Research Institute

Public Release: 10-Aug-2009
Stimulus funding helps K-State biochemist study eye's lens in diabetes, galactosemia patients
Thanks to a grant awarded through federal stimulus research funding, a Kansas State University biochemist has more funding for research that could eventually help diabetics preserve their eyesight.

NIH/National Eye Institute

Public Release: 10-Aug-2009

Nature Medicine
New discovery brings hope to treatment of lymphatic diseases
Researchers in the laboratory of Dr. Jayakrishna Ambati at the University of Kentucky have discovered the first naturally occurring molecule that selectively blocks lymphatic vessel growth.

NIH/National Eye Institute, Research to Prevent Blindness

Public Release: 10-Aug-2009

Circulation: Journal of the American Heart Association
Optimism appears to lower women's risk of death, heart disease
Optimistic women have a lower risk of developing heart disease and dying than pessimistic women. Pessimistic African-American women, in particular, had a higher risk of dying in the study. Researchers say it is unclear if interventions to change attitudes can alter risk.

NIH/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH/National Center for Research Resources

Public Release: 9-Aug-2009

Nature Genetics
Mutations in gene linked to ciliopathies
An international team of scientists, led by researchers at the University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, have discovered a connection between mutations in the INPP5E gene and ciliopathies. Their findings, which may lead to new therapies for these diseases, will appear in the online edition of Nature Genetics on Aug. 9.

National Institutes of Health, Italian Ministry of Health, Telethon Foundation Italy, American Heart Association, NIH/National Institute of Neurological Disorder and Stroke, Burroughs Wellcome Fund, March of Dimes, others

Public Release: 8-Aug-2009

American Sociological Association's 104th Annual Meeting
Female supervisors more susceptible to workplace sexual harassment
Women who hold supervisory positions are more likely to be sexually harassed at work, according to the first-ever, large-scale longitudinal study to examine workplace power, gender and sexual harassment.

NIH/National Institute of Mental Health, NIH/National Institute of Child Health and Human Development

Public Release: 7-Aug-2009

American Journal of Epidemiology
Study finds no link between cognitive decline, socioeconomic status in elderly
New research suggests that for seniors age 70 and older, socioeconomic status does not play a major role in the brain's continued ability to function. However, seniors who have never been married and widowers seem to perform more poorly as they age.

NIH/National Institute on Aging

Public Release: 7-Aug-2009

Journal of General Internal Medicine
Fumbled handoffs can lead to medical errors
A new study by researchers from the Regenstrief Institute and Indiana University School of Medicine has found that hospital discharge summaries are grossly inadequate at documenting both tests with pending results and information about which doctors should receive the post-discharge test results. Study appears in September 2009 issue of Journal of General Internal Medicine.

NIH/National Library of Medicine, NIH/National Center for Research Resources

Public Release: 7-Aug-2009

Environmental Science & Technology
Carbon nanoparticles toxic to adult fruit flies but benign to young
Researchers at Brown University have discovered that certain types of carbon nanoparticles can be environmentally toxic to adult fruit flies, although they were found to be benign when added to food for larvae. The findings, published online in Environmental Science & Technology, may further reveal the environmental and health dangers of carbon nanoparticles.

National Science Foundation, NIH/National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Superfund, Brown University

Public Release: 7-Aug-2009

American Journal of Managed Care
Guided care reduces cost of health care for older persons with chronic conditions
The nation's sickest and most expensive patients need fewer health care resources and cost insurers less when they are closely supported by a nurse-physician primary care team that tracks their health and offers regular support, according to researchers at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. A randomized controlled trial found patients in a primary care enhancement program called "Guided Care" cost health insurers 11 percent less than patients in the control groups.

US Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, NIH/National Institute on Aging, John A. Hartford Foundation, Jacob and Valeria Langeloth Foundation, Kaiser Permanente Mid-Atlantic States, Johns Hopkins HealthCare, Lipitz Center for Integrated Care

Public Release: 6-Aug-2009

PLoS ONE
UCI discovers new Alzheimer's gene
A UC Irvine study has found that a gene called TOMM40 appears twice as often in people with Alzheimer's disease than in those without it. Alzheimer's, for which there is no cure, is the leading cause of elderly dementia.

NIH/National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, NIH/National Institute on Aging, NIH/National Center for Research Resources

Public Release: 6-Aug-2009
Protein handlers should be effective treatment target for cancer and Alzheimer's
Cancer and Alzheimer's have excess protein in common and scientists say learning more about how proteins are made and eliminated will lead to better treatment for both.

NIH/National Cancer Institute, US Department of Veterans Affairs

Public Release: 6-Aug-2009

Science
Penn researchers show that protein unfolding is key for understanding blood clot mechanics
Fibrin, the chief ingredient of blood clots, is a remarkably versatile polymer. On one hand, it forms a network of fibers -- a blood clot -- that stems the loss of blood at an injury site while remaining pliable and flexible. On the other hand, fibrin provides a scaffold for thrombi, clots that block blood vessels and cause tissue damage, leading to cardiovascular disease. The answer is a process known as protein unfolding.

NIH/National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Science Foundation, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada

Public Release: 6-Aug-2009

Stroke: Journal of the American Heart Association
Psychosocial therapy with antidepressants more effective in helping depressed stroke patients
Depressed stroke patients who received medication and psychosocial therapy improved significantly in the short term and a year later, compared to those receiving medication alone. The psychosocial therapy focused on depression education, problem-solving and increasing pleasant experiences. Depression is common after stroke and can impede recovery.

NIH/National Institutes of Nursing Research

Public Release: 6-Aug-2009

Science
Researchers identify itch-specific neurons in mice, hope for better treatments
Researchers at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis have discovered that itch-specific neurons exist in mice, and their studies suggest that itch and pain signals are transmitted along different pathways in the spinal cord. The researchers say they can knock out an animal's itch response without affecting its ability to sense pain.

NIH/National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases

Public Release: 5-Aug-2009

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Gene shut-down may offer early warning of chronic leukemia
A new study shows that certain genes are turned off early in the development of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), before clinical signs of the disease appear. The study examined cancer cells from CLL patients and from a new strain of mice that develops a very similar disease. The findings suggest that epigenetic alterations might serve as markers for detecting CLL early and for monitoring progression, and that their reversal might delay or prevent progression.

NIH/National Cancer Institute, Leukemia and Lymphoma Society, D. Warren Brown Foundation, private donors

Public Release: 5-Aug-2009

Nature
UNC researchers decode structure of an entire HIV genome
The structure of an entire HIV genome has been decoded for the first time by researchers at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. The results have widespread implications for understanding the strategies that viruses, like the one that causes AIDS, use to infect humans. The study, the cover story in the Aug. 6, 2009, issue of the journal Nature, also opens the door for further research which could accelerate the development of antiviral drugs.

National Institutes of Health, NIH/National Cancer Institute

Public Release: 5-Aug-2009

Obesity
New research links social stress to harmful fat deposits, heart disease
A new study done by researchers at Wake Forest University School of Medicine shows that social stress could be an important precursor to heart disease by causing the body to deposit more fat in the abdominal cavity, speeding the harmful buildup of plaque in blood vessels, a stepping stone to the number one cause of death in the world.

NIH/National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute

Public Release: 4-Aug-2009

Twin Research and Human Genetics
Genetic risk, not anesthesia exposure, impacts cognitive performance
A recent study of more than 2,000 identical twins found that medical problems early in life, rather than the neurotoxic effects of anesthesia, are likely linked to an individual's risk for developing learning disabilities.

Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research, NIH/National Institute of Mental Health

Showing releases 376-400 out of 608 releases.
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