EurekAlert! - National Institutes of Health

Showing releases 451-475 out of 611 releases.
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Public Release: 16-Jul-2009

Science
Genetic source of muscular dystrophy neutralized
Researchers at the University of Rochester Medical Center have found a way to block the genetic flaw at the heart of a common form of muscular dystrophy. The results of the study, which were published today in the journal Science, could pave the way for new therapies that essentially reverse the symptoms of the disease.

NIH/National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIH/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Muscular Dystrophy Association, Run America Foundation

Public Release: 16-Jul-2009

Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research
Genes and the environment interact to influence adolescent alcohol use
Adolescent alcohol use and behavior problems are influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. New findings show that behavioral problems may represent an earlier manifestation of a genetic predisposition to subsequent alcohol problems. Females may also be more susceptible to a variety of environmental influences than males.

NIH/National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Academy of Finland, Finnish Center of Excellence Program

Public Release: 15-Jul-2009

Biological Psychiatry
Childhood adversity may affect processing in the brain's reward pathways
Childhood adversity is associated diminished activation in the regions the brain that anticipate reward, according to a new study from psychologists at Harvard University. Using fMRI, researchers examined the brain activity of individuals who had experienced childhood abuse that met state guidelines for maltreatment, and found weaker responses to reward-predicting cues in left hemisphere regions of the basal ganglia.

NIH/National Institute of Mental Health, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, Society Scholars program, Talley Fund

Public Release: 15-Jul-2009

Nature
Scientists decode genome of deadly parasitic worm
Scientists have sequenced the genome of the parasite that causes intestinal schistosomiasis, a devastating tropical disease that afflicts more than 200 million people in the developing world. University of Maryland Associate Professor Najib El-Sayed led the transatlantic research team, along with Matthew Berriman of the UK's Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute. Their work is published in the July 16, 2009, edition of Nature and featured on the journal's cover.

NIH/National Insitute of Allergy and Infection Diseases, Wellcome Trust

Public Release: 15-Jul-2009
LSUHSC awarded $1.3 million grant to develop new cancer vaccine
Eduardo Davila, Ph.D., assistant professor of pediatrics, microbiology and immunology at LSU Health Sciences Center New Orleans School of Medicine and Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, has been awarded a $1.3 million grant over five years by the National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health to develop new immunotherapies, including a vaccine, for cancer.

NIH/National Cancer Institute

Public Release: 15-Jul-2009
UM Rosenstiel School's Aplysia summer research program heats up
Scientists at the National Resource for Aplysia, on the campus of University of Miami's Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science received an ARRA grant from the National Center for Research Resources of the NIH. The $82K will allow the Resource to provide summer research experiences and training to undergraduate students and middle and high school science teachers, and will enhance ongoing research at the facility this summer and next.

NIH/National Center for Research Resources

Public Release: 15-Jul-2009

Child Development
Who am I? Adolescents' replies depend on others
Ask middle-school students if they are popular or make friends easily, they likely will depend on social comparisons with their peers for an answer. Such reliance on the perceived opinions of others, or reflected self-appraisals, has long been assumed, but new evidence supporting this claim has now been found in the teen brain.

NIH/National Center for Research Resources, National Institutes of Health, NIH/National Institute of Mental Health

Public Release: 15-Jul-2009

Child Development
Academic disengagement more common for US teens than Chinese
A longitudinal study of more than 800 Chinese and American students over 7th and 8th grades has found that academic disengagement is greater for American teens than for Chinese teens. American youths reported being less motivated academically as they made their way through 7th and 8th grades. In contrast, Chinese youths' reports suggested that the value they placed on achievement, their use of constructive learning strategies and the time they spent studying stayed stable.

NIH/National Institute of Mental Health

Public Release: 15-Jul-2009

Child Development
Parts of brain involved in social cognition may be in place by age 6
By scanning the brains of children ages 6 to 11 as they listened to children's stories, researchers have for the first time investigated brain regions associated with social cognition in human children. Researchers found that one of the brain regions, the right tempero-parietal junction, appeared to change its function between the ages of 6 and 11. This research has implications for the study of atypical social development, as happens in autism.

NIH/National Institute of Mental Health, John Merck Fund

Public Release: 15-Jul-2009

Child Development
Tweens sensitive to others' perceptions of them
In a new study using brain-mapping techniques, early adolescents and young adults responded to researchers' questions about whether short phrases (such as "I am popular") described them, and whether they believed others (mothers, best friends, classmates) thought these phrases described them, too. In comparison to the young adults, the tweens were found to see themselves in ways that may depend more on what they believe others think about their abilities and attributes.

NIH/National Institute of Mental Health, UCLA Academic Senate, Foundation for Psychocultural Research

Public Release: 15-Jul-2009

Child Development
In adolescence, girls react differently than boys to peers' judgments
A new study shows what happens in the brains of preteens and teens at a time of significant change in social behavior. Using brain scan technology, researchers found that in older girls (as compared to younger girls), brain regions associated with social rewards and motivation responded differently when they thought about being judged by their peers. These differences were not evident between younger and older boys.

NIH/National Institute of Mental Health

Public Release: 14-Jul-2009

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
LincRNAs serve as genetic air-traffic controllers
A scientific team from Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and the Broad Institute shows that lincRNAs -- once dismissed as "genomic junk" -- have a global role in genome regulation.

National Institutes of Health, Damon Runyon Cancer Foundation, Smith Family Foundation, NIH/National Human Genome Research Institute

Public Release: 14-Jul-2009
Stopping harmful oral bacteria in its path is goal for Case Western Reserve researcher
Yiping Han, associate professor at the Case Western Reserve University School of Dental Medicine, aims to understand how to build roadblocks for a common bacterium that's harmless in a mother's mouth but can turn deadly when it reaches an unborn child. She has received a five-year, $1.85 million grant from the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research at the National Institutes of Health to fund the effort.

NIH/National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research

Public Release: 14-Jul-2009

Epidemiology
U of M researchers find childhood cancer risk rises with mother's age
Research from the Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, indicates that a baby born to an older mother may have a slightly increased risk for many of the cancers that occur during childhood.

Children's Cancer Research Fund, NIH/National Cancer Institute, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Public Release: 14-Jul-2009

Health Affairs
Brazil proves developing countries can use generic medicines to fight HIV/AIDS epidemic
Researchers from Brown University, the Harvard School of Public Health, the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, and the University of Edinburgh say Brazil's push for inexpensive, low-cost HIV and AIDS treatments has helped contain the virus during the last 20 years. Details will be published in the July/August issue of Health Affairs.

US Departments of State, US Department of Education, NIH/National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

Public Release: 14-Jul-2009

Alzheimer's Association 2009 International Conference on Alzheimer's Disease
Memory test and PET scans detect early signs of Alzheimer's
A large study of patients with mild cognitive impairment revealed that cognitive tests and brain scans can work as an early warning system for the subsequent development of Alzheimer's disease. The findings by UC Berkeley researchers are a major step forward in the march toward earlier diagnoses of the debilitating disease.

NIH/National Institute on Aging

Public Release: 14-Jul-2009

American Journal of Preventive Medicine
Reminder program dramatically increases mammography rates, Kaiser Permanente study finds
A reminder program aimed at screening for breast cancer when it is most treatable boosted mammography rates by more than 17 percentage points, according to a new study by Kaiser Permanente's Center for Health Research in the August issue of the American Journal of Preventive Medicine. The program used electronic health records to identify women who would soon be due for a mammogram and reached out via postcards, automated voice messages and personal phone calls.

NIH/National Cancer Institute

Public Release: 13-Jul-2009

Nature Chemical Biology
New method may accelerate drug discovery for difficult diseases like Parkinson's
Whitehead Institute scientists have developed a rapid, inexpensive drug-screening method that could be used to target diseases that until now have stymied drug developers, such as Parkinson's disease. This technique uses baker's yeast to synthesize and screen the molecules, cutting target discovery and preliminary testing time to a matter of weeks. Traditional methods of high-throughput screening are time-consuming and inefficient, and can often fail for lack of a traditional drug target.

NIH/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH/National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Morris K. Udall Centers of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease Research

Public Release: 13-Jul-2009

Archives of Neurology
Pesticide levels in blood linked to Parkinson's disease, UT Southwestern researchers find
People with Parkinson's disease have significantly higher blood levels of a particular pesticide than healthy people or those with Alzheimer's disease, researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center have found.

NIH/National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH/National Institute on Aging, Dallas Area Parkinsonism Society, Rowe & Co. Inc., Dallas Foundation, Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research

Public Release: 13-Jul-2009

Nature Medicine
Study may explain why HIV progresses faster in women than in men with same viral load
A Massachusetts General Hospital-based research team has found that a receptor molecule involved in the first-line recognition of HIV-1 responds to the virus differently in women, leading to subsequent differences in chronic T cell activation, a known predictor of disease progression.

NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Harvard Center for AIDS Research, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Doris Duke Charitable Foundation, NIH/National Cancer Institute

Public Release: 10-Jul-2009

AIDS
Risky sexual behavior among male clients of Tijuana sex workers heightens risk of HIV transmission
A study by a bi-national team of global health researchers at the University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, examining HIV infection among male clients of female sex workers in Tijuana, has found that over half of male clients had recently had unprotected sex. They also reported a high prevalence of drug use.

NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH/National Institute of Drug Abuse

Public Release: 10-Jul-2009

Journal of Clinical Investigation
New role discovered for molecule important in development of the pancreas
For years researchers have been searching for a way to treat diabetics by reactivating their insulin-producing beta cells, to no avail. Now, they may be one step closer. A protein, whose role in pancreatic development has long been recognized, has been discovered to play an additional and previously unknown regulatory role in the development of cells in the immature endocrine system. These cells ultimately give rise to pancreatic islet cells, which include beta cells.

NIH/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases

Public Release: 10-Jul-2009

Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry
New oral agents may prevent injury after radiation exposure
Researchers from Boston University School of Medicine and collaborators have discovered and analyzed several new compounds, collectively called the ''EUK-400 series,'' which could someday be used to prevent radiation-induced injuries to kidneys, lungs, skin, intestinal tract and brains of radiological terrorism victims.

NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

Public Release: 9-Jul-2009

Angewandte Chemie
Caltech chemists say antibody surrogates are just a 'click' away
Chemists at the California Institute of Technology and the Scripps Research Institute have developed an innovative technique to create cheap but highly stable chemicals that have the potential to take the place of the antibodies used in many standard medical diagnostic tests.

NIH/National Cancer Institute, MITRE Corporation

Public Release: 9-Jul-2009

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta
Systems biology recommended as a clinical approach to cancer
Researchers at the Virginia Bioinformatics Institute at Virginia Tech and the Wake Forest University School of Medicine are advocating the use of systems biology as an innovative clinical approach to cancer. This approach could result in the development of improved diagnostic tools and treatment options, as well as potential new drug targets to help combat the many potentially fatal types of the disease.

NIH/National Cancer Institute, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council

Showing releases 451-475 out of 611 releases.
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