EurekAlert! - National Institutes of Health

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Public Release: 12-Nov-2009

Journal of Clinical Investigation
Penn study provides first clear idea of how rare bone disease progresses
An international team of scientists, led by researchers at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, is taking the first step in developing a treatment for a rare genetic disorder called fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP), in which the body's skeletal muscles and soft connective tissue turns to bone, immobilizing patients over a lifetime with a second skeleton.

NIH/National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Center for Research in FOP and Related Disorders, International FOP Association, Rita Allen Foundation, Ian Cali Endowment, Weldon Family Endowment

Public Release: 12-Nov-2009

American Journal of Public Health
People entering their 60s may have more disabilities today than in prior generations
A new study suggests that people now beginning to enter their 60s -- the Baby Boomer generation -- have more disabilities than their counterparts did in prior generations. The researchers analyzed two sets of data from surveys 10 years apart and found that disabilities among 60- to 69-year-olds had increased between 40 and 70 percent over that period.

NIH/National Institute on Aging

Public Release: 11-Nov-2009

Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs
Athletes on performance enhancers more likely to abuse alcohol, other drugs
College athletes who use performance-enhancing substances may be at heightened risk of misusing alcohol and using recreational drugs as well, according to new research in the Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs.

NIH/National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH/National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism

Public Release: 11-Nov-2009

Nature
Why can't chimps speak?
If humans are genetically related to chimps, why did our brains develop the innate ability for language and speech while theirs did not? Scientists suspect that part of the answer to the mystery lies in a gene called FOXP2. When mutated, FOXP2 can disrupt speech and language in humans. Now, a UCLA/Emory study reveals major differences between how the human and chimp versions of FOXP2 work, perhaps explaining why language is unique to humans.

NIH/National Institute of Mental Health, A.P. Giannini Foundation, National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression

Public Release: 10-Nov-2009
CWRU to develop technologies for virtual coaching to help patient-doctor communications
Sometimes patients find it uncomfortable asking a doctor of another age, gender or race for information. Hopefully virtual coaching under development through the Center of Excellence for Self-Management Advancement through Research and Translation, a National Institutes of Health-funded Center of Research Excellence in Self-management Research at the Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing at Case Western Reserve University, will improve communications.

NIH/National Center on Minority Health and Health Disparities

Public Release: 10-Nov-2009

JAMA
Health care accounts for 8 percent of US carbon footprint
The American health-care sector accounts for nearly a tenth of the country's carbon dioxide emissions, according to a first-of-its-kind calculation of health care's carbon footprint. Published Wednesday in the Journal of the American Medical Association, University of Chicago researchers used expenditures from different parts of the health care sector to measure the industry's potential effect upon global warming through the release of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases.

Hospital Medicine and Economics Center for Education and Research in Therapeutics, NIH/National Institute of Aging

Public Release: 9-Nov-2009
Interdisciplinary research team developing novel drug detection technology
With the support of a $2.7 million Recovery Act grant from the National Institute of Drug Abuse, an interdisciplinary team headed by Vanderbilt chemist John McLean and physicist John Wikswo will attempt to determine whether an individual's white blood cells retain chemical memories of exposure to drugs like cocaine and alcohol that can be read reliably and unambiguously.

NIH/National Institute of Drug Abuse

Public Release: 9-Nov-2009

Journal of Alzheimer's Disease
Amyloid beta protein gets bum rap
Saint Louis University research could lead to better medicines for Alzheimer's disease.

NIH/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH/National Institute on Aging

Public Release: 9-Nov-2009

Proceedings of the National Academies of Sciences
Scripps team shows diet switching can activate brain's stress system, lead to 'withdrawal' symptoms
In research that sheds light on the perils of yo-yo dieting and repeated bouts of sugar-bingeing, researchers from the Scripps Research Institute have shown in animal models that cycling between periods of eating sweet and regular-tasting food can activate the brain's stress system and generate overeating, anxiety, and withdrawal-like symptoms.

NIH/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH/National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH/National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Pearson Center for Alcoholism and Addiction Research

Public Release: 9-Nov-2009
Dust control research leads to a NIOSH grant to facilitate adoption of hazard controls
In the construction industry, respiratory disease, often leading to disability or an increased risk of cancer, is a major public health concern. Studies led by Deborah Young-Corbett of Virginia Tech's School of Construction have shown that specific types of sanding tools are highly effective in reducing the dust that causes these health hazards. Theodore Koebel of urban affairs and planning at Virginia Tech has identified strategies to encourage the construction industry to adopt the new technologies.

NIH/National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

Public Release: 9-Nov-2009

Human Reproduction
For young boys with cancer, testicular tissue banking may be option to preserve fertility
Boys diagnosed with cancer before reaching puberty have a unique option for possibly preserving future fertility, which is often endangered by cancer therapies. In an experimental procedure, the boys can have a tiny portion of their testis removed and frozen for their potential future use. Parents of prepubertal boys are willing to agree to the procedure and are grateful for the opportunity, even though there is currently no guarantee of clinical success.

NIH/National Institute of Child Health and Human Development

Public Release: 9-Nov-2009

Neurobiology of Aging
Squeak, squeak -- can you hear me now?
What do you get when you cross a mouse with poor hearing and a mouse with even worse hearing? Ironically, a new strain of mice with "golden ears" -- mice that have outstanding hearing as they age. The new mouse hears much like people with "golden ears" -- people who are able to retain great hearing even as they grow older.

NIH/National Institute on Aging, NIH/National Institute on Deafness and Communication Disorders

Public Release: 8-Nov-2009

Nature Nanotechnology
Findings show nanomedicine promising for treating spinal cord injuries
Researchers at Purdue University have discovered a new approach for repairing damaged nerve fibers in spinal cord injuries using nano-spheres that could be injected into the blood shortly after an accident.

NIH/National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, Indiana Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Fund

Public Release: 6-Nov-2009
Can stress-reducing Transcendental Meditation help CHD patients prevent future heart attacks?
The National Institutes of Health's National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute will fund a $1 million collaborative study by the Center for Natural Medicine and Prevention at Maharishi University of Management Research Institute and Columbia University Medical Center to determine whether the stress-reducing Transcendental Meditation technique can help patients with coronary heart disease prevent future heart attacks, strokes and death.

NIH/National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute

Public Release: 5-Nov-2009
UAB awarded $11.5 million to explore ways to test youth for HIV, link them to care
Two new grants are for leadership and coordination of the Adolescent Medicine Trials Network for HIV/AIDS Intervention (ATN), a research network in the United States and Puerto Rico working to curb the epidemic through prevention, testing and treatment for youth ages 12 to 24. Projections show at least one-half of all new HIV infections each year worldwide are in youth under age 25, says Craig Wilson, M.D., a UAB professor and ATN leader.

NIH/National Institute of Child Health and Human Development