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Showing releases 526-550 out of 614 releases.
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Public Release: 24-Jun-2009
American Journal of Public Health
Nicotine dependence remains prevalent despite recent declines in cigarette use
Despite recent declines in cigarette use in the US, nicotine dependence has remained steady among adults and has actually increased among some groups. The finding by researchers at Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health suggests that public health initiatives have been far more successful in preventing Americans from taking up smoking than in persuading hardcore smokers to stop.
NIH/National Institute on Drug Abuse

Contact: Stephanie Berger
sb2247@columbia.edu
212-305-4372
Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health

Public Release: 24-Jun-2009
BMC Geriatrics
US seniors 'smarter' than their English peers -- U-M study
US seniors performed significantly better than their counterparts in England on standard tests of memory and cognitive function, according to a new study.
NIH/National Institute on Aging

Contact: Diane Swanbrow
swanbrow@umich.edu
734-647-9069
University of Michigan

Public Release: 23-Jun-2009
Drug Discovery Research
Scientists block Ebola infection in cell-culture experiments
Researchers at the University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston have discovered two biochemical pathways that the Ebola virus relies on to infect cells. Using substances that block the activation of those pathways, they've prevented Ebola infection in cell culture experiments -- potentially providing a critical early step in developing the first successful therapy for the deadly virus.
NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

Contact: Jim Kelly
jpkelly@utmb.edu
409-772-8791
University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston

Public Release: 23-Jun-2009
Emory researchers announce Phase III study of progesterone for traumatic brain injury
Emory University officials this week announced the third phase of a groundbreaking study to evaluate the effectiveness of the hormone progesterone on acute traumatic-brain-injured patients. Backed by a grant from the National Institutes of Health, the Emory-led, multicenter, randomized, double-blinded study will enroll 1,140 patients at 17 medical centers in 15 states.
NIH/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke

Contact: Lance Skelly
lance.skelly@emoryhealthcare.org
404-686-8538
Emory University

Public Release: 23-Jun-2009
Obesity
Underweight and extremely obese die earlier than people of normal weight, study finds
Underweight people and those who are extremely obese die earlier than people of normal weight -- but those who are overweight actually live longer than people of normal weight. Those are the findings of a new study published online in Obesity by researchers at Statistics Canada, Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland State, Oregon Health and Science and McGill universities.
NIH/National Institute on Aging, NIH/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Canadian Embassy

Contact: Kirsten Clausen
kclausen@golinharris.com
213-438-8726
GolinHarris International

Public Release: 23-Jun-2009
PLoS ONE
Ability to literally imagine oneself in another's shoes may be tied to empathy
New research from Vanderbilt University indicates the way our brain handles how we move through space -- including being able to imagine literally stepping into someone else's shoes -- may be related to how and why we experience empathy toward others.
ThinkSwiss, National Association for the Research of Schizophrenia and Depression, NIH/National Institute of Mental Health

Contact: Melanie Moran
melanie.moran@vanderbilt.edu
615-322-7970
Vanderbilt University

Public Release: 23-Jun-2009
Journal of Neuroscience
Mouse model of Parkinson's reproduces nonmotor symptoms
Nonmotor symptoms of Parkinson's include digestive and sleep problems, loss of sense of smell and depression. A mouse with a mutation in a gene responsible for packaging neurotransmitters like dopamine and norepinephrine reproduces the major nonmotor symptoms as well as motor symptoms. The finding sheds light on nonmotor symptoms' causes and their relationship with the neurodegeneration seen in Parkinson's.
NIH/National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences

Contact: Ashante Dobbs
adobbs2@emory.edu
404-727-5692
Emory University

Public Release: 23-Jun-2009
JAMA
Common ECG finding may indicate serious cardiac problems
A common electrocardiogram finding that has largely been considered insignificant may actually signal an increased risk of atrial fibrillation, the future need for a permanent pacemaker and an increased risk for premature death.
NIH/National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Boston University

Contact: Jennifer Gundersen
jgundersen1@partners.org
617-724-6433
Massachusetts General Hospital

Public Release: 22-Jun-2009
Environmental Health Perspectives
Pesticide susceptibility in children lasts longer than expected
UC Berkeley researchers recommend that the US EPA re-evaluate current standards for pesticide exposure in light of a new study finding that children's increased vulnerability to pesticides lasts much longer than expected.
Environmental Protection Agency, NIH/National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences

Contact: Sarah Yang
scyang@berkeley.edu
510-643-7741
University of California - Berkeley

Public Release: 22-Jun-2009
Archives of Internal Medicine
Less frequent social activity linked to more rapid loss of motor function in older adults
Researchers at Rush University Medical Center have found that, among the elderly, less frequent participation in social activities is associated with a more rapid decline in motor function. The data raise the possibility that motor decline can be slowed, and its adverse health consequences possibly delayed, by supporting social engagement -- a relatively low-cost solution to a very large public health problem.
NIH/National Institute on Aging, Illinois Department of Public Health, Robert C. Borwell Endowment Fund

Contact: Sharon Butler
Sharon_Butler@rush.edu
312-942-7816
Rush University Medical Center

Public Release: 21-Jun-2009
Nature Genetics
DNA template could explain evolutionary shifts
Rearrangements of all sizes in genomes, genes and exons can result from a glitch in DNA copying that occurs when the process stalls at a critical point and then shifts to a different genetic template, duplicating and even triplicating genes or just shuffling or deleting part of the code within them, said researchers from Baylor College of Medicine in a recent report in the journal Nature Genetics.
Charcot Marie Tooth Association, NIH/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke

Contact: Glenna Picton
picton@bcm.edu
713-798-4710
Baylor College of Medicine

Public Release: 19-Jun-2009
Journal of Tobacco Control
Study finds that tobacco companies changed design of cigarettes without alerting smokers
A new study from Harvard School of Public Health researchers shows that tobacco manufacturers have continually changed the ingredients and the design of their cigarettes over time, even if those changes have exceeded acceptable product variance guidelines.
NIH/National Cancer Institute

Contact: Todd Datz
tdatz@hsph.harvard.edu
617-432-3952
Harvard School of Public Health

Public Release: 18-Jun-2009
American Journal of Public Health
Got ear plugs? You may want to sport them on the subway and other mass transit, researchers say
Recent public health studies on the US mass transit system have identified several sources of environmental hazards associated with mass transit, including excessive noise. A team of researchers from the University of Washington and Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health have found that MTA subways had the highest average noise levels of all mass transit in New York City, with levels high enough to potentially increase the risk of noise induced hearing loss.
NIH/National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences

Contact: Stephanie Berger
sb2247@columbia.edu
212-305-4372
Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health

Public Release: 18-Jun-2009
Chemical Research in Toxicology
Improved method developed to test carcinogen risk
Researchers at Oregon State University recently completed the largest animal study ever done in the field of toxicology, and the findings challenge some basic concepts about how to determine what level of a cancer-causing compound can be considered safe.
NIH/National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences

Contact: George Bailey
george.bailey@oregonstate.edu
541-737-3164
Oregon State University

Public Release: 18-Jun-2009
Diabetes Care
Aerobically unfit young adults on road to diabetes in middle age
Most healthy 25 year olds don't stay up at night worrying whether they are going to develop diabetes in middle age. But many should be concerned. Researchers at Northwestern have found young adults with low aerobic fitness levels are two to three times more likely to develop diabetes in 20 years than those who are fit. The study also shows that young women and young African-Americans are less fit, placing more of them at risk for diabetes.
NIH/National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute

Contact: Marla Paul
Marla-Paul@northwestern.edu
312-503-8928
Northwestern University

Public Release: 18-Jun-2009
Science
Link between light touch and Merkel cells solves 100-year mystery
Light touch -- the sense that lets musicians find the right notes on a keyboard, a seamstress revel in the feel of cool silk, the artisan feel a curve in material and the blind read Braille -- truly depends on the activity of Merkel cells usually found in crescent-shaped clusters in the skin, said researchers from Baylor College of Medicine and colleagues in a report that appears in the current issue of the journal Science.
National Institutes of Health, McNairs Scholars Program, NIH/National Library of Medicine, US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Howard Hughes Medical Institute

Contact: Graciela Gutierrez
ggutierr@bcm.edu
713-798-4710
Baylor College of Medicine

Public Release: 17-Jun-2009
Neural Development
UC Davis researchers visualize formation of a new synapse
A protein called neuroligin that is implicated in some forms of autism is critical to the construction of a working synapse, locking neurons together like "molecular Velcro," a study lead by a team of UC Davis researchers has found.
Pew Charitable Trusts, NIH/National Eye Institute, John Merck Fund, UC Davis, Whitehall Foundation, Autism Speaks

Contact: Phyllis Brown
phyllis.brown@ucdmc.ucdavis.edu
916-734-9023
University of California - Davis - Health System

Public Release: 17-Jun-2009
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
Study supports validity of test that indicates widespread unconscious bias
A new study validates the controversial finding that the Implicit Association Test indicated that about 70 percent of those people who took a version of the test that measures racial attitudes have unconscious preference for white people compared to blacks. This compared with figures general under 20 percent for self-reported measures of race bias.
National Science Foundation, NIH/National Institute of Mental Health, Third Millennium Foundation, Rockefeller Foundation

Contact: Joel Schwarz
joels@u.washington.edu
206-543-2580
University of Washington

Public Release: 17-Jun-2009
Journal of Clinical Investigation
Enzyme doesn't act alone in atrial fibrillation
An overactive enzyme is behind a leaky calcium channel that plays a role in the development of atrial fibrillation, which is the most common cardiac arrhythmia that is responsible for a third of all strokes. However, it doesn't act alone, say researchers at Baylor College of Medicine. The findings can be found in the current edition of The Journal of Clinical Investigation.
American Heart Association, NIH/National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, March of Dimes, Heart Rhythm Society, Houston Texans, Foundation Leducq

Contact: Graciela Gutierrez
ggutierr@bcm.edu
713-798-4710
Baylor College of Medicine

Public Release: 17-Jun-2009
Slugs a home run with NIH
The National Resource for Aplysia at the University of Miami's Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Science has had its resources grant with the NIH extended for an additional five years. It is the only facility in the world that cultures and raises Aplysia californica (sea slugs). Over the next five years, the facility will receive $2.7 million to raise Aplysia, which are used to study memory and learning, while providing insight into diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.
NIh/National Center for Research Resources

Contact: Barbra Gonzalez
barbgo@rsmas.miami.edu
305-421-4704
University of Miami Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Science

Public Release: 17-Jun-2009
Biology of Reproduction
Study finds reproductive health effects from low doses of bisphenol-A
New research from North Carolina State University and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences shows significant reproductive health effects in rats that have been exposed to bisphenol-A at levels equivalent to or below the dose that has been thought not to produce any adverse effects.
NIH/National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences

Contact: Matt Shipman
matt_shipman@ncsu.edu
919-515-6386
North Carolina State University

Public Release: 16-Jun-2009
British Medical Journal
Statins don't lower risk of pneumonia in elderly
Popular cholesterol-lowering statin drugs like Lipitor (atorvastatin) don't lower the risk of pneumonia, according to a British Medical Journal study of over 3,000 Group Health patients. Prior research based on automated claims data had raised some hope -- and hype -- for statins to prevent and treat infections including pneumonia. But using medical records for more detailed information, the researchers found pneumonia risk was higher (26 percent) in people using a statin than in those not using any.
NIH/National Institute on Aging, American Federation for Aging Research, John A. Hartford Foundation, Atlantic Philanthropies, Starr Foundation, Group Health Center for Health Studies

Contact: Rebecca Hughes
hughes.r@ghc.org
206-287-2055
Group Health Cooperative Center for Health Studies

Public Release: 16-Jun-2009
American Heart Journal
Income, education, important factors in heart disease risk
Doctors who ignore the socioeconomic status of patients when evaluating their risk for heart disease are missing a crucial element that might result in inadequate treatment, according to a University of Rochester Medical Center study published in the June 2009 American Heart Journal.
NIH/National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute

Contact: Leslie Orr
Leslie_Orr@urmc.rochester.edu
585-275-5774
University of Rochester Medical Center

Public Release: 16-Jun-2009
National Bureau of Economic Research
IUPUI study finds living near fast food outlet not a weighty problem for kids
A new study by Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis researchers contradicts the conventional wisdom that living near a fast food outlet increases weight in children and that living near supermarkets, which sell fresh fruit and vegetables as well as so called junk food, lowers weight.
NIH/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases

Contact: Cindy Fox Aisen
caisen@iupui.edu
317-274-7722
Indiana University

Public Release: 16-Jun-2009
NeuroImage
X-rays for early Alzheimer's disease detection
Researchers at Brookhaven National Laboratory have demonstrated a new, highly detailed X-ray imaging technique that could be developed into a method for early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. The technique has previously been used to look at tumors in breast tissue and cartilage in human knee and ankle joints, but this study is the first to test its ability to visualize a class of minuscule plaques that are a hallmark feature of Alzheimer's disease.
National Institutes of Health, NIH/National Cancer Institute, DOE/Brookhaven National Laboratory

Contact: Kendra Snyder
ksnyder@bnl.gov
631-344-8191
DOE/Brookhaven National Laboratory

Showing releases 526-550 out of 614 releases.
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