EurekAlert! - National Institutes of Health

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Public Release: 15-Jun-2009
NIH funds $9.5 million for research on HIV and the human innate immune system
Studying how the mouth wards off diseases will have implications for understanding overall how people stay healthy. The Case Western Reserve University School of Dental Medicine will use a five-year, $9.5 million grant from the National Institutes of Health's National Institute for Dental and Craniofacial Research -- the largest grant ever in the dental school's 117-year history -- to study oral health as one of the human body's frontline defenses against infections.

NIH/National Institute for Dental and Craniofacial Research

Public Release: 15-Jun-2009

Nature
Major breakthrough in early detection and prevention of AMD
A team of researchers led by Dr. Jayakrishna Ambati at the University of Kentucky has discovered a biological marker for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of blindness in older adults. The marker, a receptor known as CCR3, shows strong potential as a means for both the early detection of the disease and for preventive treatment. The findings were reported in an article published online Sunday by the prestigious journal Nature.

NIH/National Eye Institute, Research to Prevent Blindness

Public Release: 15-Jun-2009
New Center of Excellence targets reducing disparities in cancer care and outcomes
A new Center of Excellence at the University of South Florida and Moffitt Cancer Center will focus on research, education and training, and community outreach to reduce cancer health disparities among minority and underserved populations. The joint program is funded by a $6 million grant from the National Institutes of Health.

NIH/National Center on Minority Health and Health Disparities

Public Release: 15-Jun-2009

Journal of Cell Biology
Protein regulates movement of mitochondria in brain cells
Scientists have identified a protein in the brain that plays a key role in the function of mitochondria -- the part of the cell that supplies energy, supports cellular activity, and potentially wards off threats from disease. The discovery, which was reported today in the Journal of Cell Biology, may shed new light on how the brain recovers from stroke.

NIH/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke

Public Release: 15-Jun-2009

Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs
Colleges, communities combat off-campus student drinking
Programs that bring colleges and their surrounding neighborhoods together may help reduce off-campus drinking problems, a new study suggests.

NIH/National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism

Public Release: 15-Jun-2009

Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs
College drinking problems, deaths on the rise
Alcohol-related deaths, heavy drinking episodes and drunk driving have all been on the rise on college campuses over the past decade, a new government study shows.

NIH/National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism

Public Release: 15-Jun-2009

Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs
Dangerous college drinking: Prevention is possible, studies suggest
Alcohol is sometimes seen as part and parcel of college life, but there are programs that can significantly reduce students' risky drinking, according to a series of studies in a special college drinking supplement of the Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs.

NIH/National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism

Public Release: 14-Jun-2009

Nature
Study suggests new approach to common cause of blindness
Researchers at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine in collaboration with lead investigators at the University of Kentucky have identified a new target for the diagnosis and treatment of age-related macular degeneration, the most common cause of blindness in older Americans.

NIH/National Eye Institute

Public Release: 12-Jun-2009
Mayo Clinic receives $48 million in grants to study catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation
Mayo Clinic received $48 million in grants from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, a component of the National Institutes of Health, and from industry to study the treatment of atrial fibrillation in 3,000 patients and 140 centers around the world. Mayo Clinic is leading the study.

NIH/National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute

Public Release: 12-Jun-2009

ENDO 09
Dual role in breast tissue for a protein involved in leukemia
A protein known to play a role in growth of some types of leukemia appears to have a mixed function in breast cancer development, say researchers from the Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center at Georgetown University Medical Center.

NIH/National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Defense Breast Cancer Research Program

Public Release: 12-Jun-2009

ENDO 09
Protein linked to change in tissue that surround and support breast tumors
A protein known to be overly active in breast cancer can exist in a form that seems to change the structural composition of mammary tissue, potentially making it more conducive to tumor progression, say researchers from the Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center at Georgetown University Medical Center.

NIH/National Cancer Foundation, Susan G. Komen Foundation

Public Release: 11-Jun-2009

Human Molecular Genetics
Low-fat diet helps genetically predisposed animals avoid liver cancer
In a study comparing two strains of mice, one susceptible to developing cancer and the other not, researchers found that a high-fat diet predisposed the cancer-susceptible strain to liver cancer, and that by switching to a low-fat diet early in the experiment, the same high-risk mice avoided the malignancy. The switched mice were lean rather than obese and had healthy livers at the end of the study.

NIH/National Center for Research Resources, Charles B. Wang Foundation

Public Release: 11-Jun-2009

Genes and Development
Jumping genes discovery 'challenges current assumptions'
Jumping genes do most of their jumping, not during the development of sperm and egg cells, but during the development of the embryo itself. The research, published this month in Genes and Development, "challenges standard assumptions on the timing of when mobile DNA, so-called jumping genes, insert into the human genome."

NIH/National Institute for General Medical Sciences, NIH/National Center for Research Resources

Public Release: 11-Jun-2009
Can lowering body temperature prevent brain damage in children who suffer cardiac arrest?
In the first large-scale study of its kind, researchers at the University of Michigan's C.S. Mott Children's Hospital and the University of Utah will lead a multicenter study to investigate whether hypothermia -- lowering body temperature -- can prevent or reduce brain damage in children deprived of oxygen after a cardiac arrest.

NIH/National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute

Public Release: 11-Jun-2009

Science
A new 'idol' grabs the spotlight
UCLA scientists identified a new enzyme called Idol that destroys the cell receptor for LDL cholesterol, allowing more cholesterol to circulate in the blood. In blocking Idol's activity, the researchers triggered cells to make more receptor and remove more cholesterol from the body. The findings could lead to a new drug that works in conjunction with statins, or could be taken by patients that cannot tolerate statins' side effects.

Howard Hughes Medical Institute, NIH/National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute

Public Release: 11-Jun-2009

Current Biology
If the shoe flits, duck: A real-life example of humans' dual vision system
The reactions of former President George W. Bush and Iraq's Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki when an Iraqi reporter flung his shoes toward the two men during a Baghdad news conference confirmed the results of an experiment being conducted by neuroscientists.

NIH/National Eye Institute

Public Release: 10-Jun-2009
Tulane University partners with South American universities to promote cardiovascular health
Cardiovascular disease researchers at Tulane University are partnering with faculty at the University of Buenos Aires, Argentina, to establish the South American Center of Excellence in Cardiovascular Health.

NIH/National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute