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  News From the National Science Foundation
The National Science Foundation (NSF) — For more information about NSF and its programs, visit www.nsf.gov

NSF Funded News

Key: Meeting M      Journal J      Funder F

Showing releases 376-400 out of 738.

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Public Release: 29-Apr-2013
AGM SIGCHI
Leadership emerges spontaneously during games
Video game and augmented-reality game players can spontaneously build virtual teams and leadership structures without special tools or guidance, according to researchers.
National Science Foundation

Contact: Matthew Swayne
mls29@psu.edu
814-865-9481
Penn State

Public Release: 29-Apr-2013
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Cicadas get a jump on cleaning
As cicadas on the East Coast begin emerging from their 17-year slumber, a spritz of dew drops is all they need to keep their wings fresh and clean.
National Science Foundation, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency

Contact: Richard Merritt
richard.merritt@duke.edu
919-660-8414
Duke University

Public Release: 29-Apr-2013
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Dinosaur predecessors gain ground in wake of world's biggest biodiversity crisis
Newly discovered fossils from 10 million years after Earth's greatest mass extinction reveal a lineage of animals thought to have led to dinosaurs taking hold in Tanzania and Zambia in the mid-Triassic period, many millions of years before dinosaur relatives were seen in the fossil record elsewhere on Earth.
National Geographic Society, National Science Foundation

Contact: Sandra Hines
shines@uw.edu
206-543-2580
University of Washington

Public Release: 25-Apr-2013
Nature Communications
Competing pathways affect early differentiation of higher brain structures
A new study shows how the strength and timing of competing molecular signals during brain development has generated natural and presumably adaptive differences in a brain region known as the telencephalon -- much earlier than scientists had previously believed.
National Science Foundation

Contact: John Toon
jtoon@gatech.edu
404-894-6986
Georgia Institute of Technology

Public Release: 25-Apr-2013
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Scientists create novel approach to find RNAs involved in long-term memory storage
Scientists from the Florida campus of The Scripps Research Institute, Columbia University and the University of Florida, Gainesville, have developed a novel strategy for isolating and characterizing a substantial number of RNAs transported from the cell-body of neuron (nerve cell) to the synapse, the small gap separating neurons that enables cell to cell communication.
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, National Institutes of Health, McKnight Brain Research Foundation, Whitehall Foundation, National Science Foundation

Contact: Eric Sauter
esauter@scripps.edu
267-337-3859
Scripps Research Institute

Public Release: 25-Apr-2013
Physics Today
Keeping beverages cool in summer: It's not just the heat, it's the humidity
Those drops on the outside of your drink don't just make the can slippery. Experiments show that in hot, humid weather, condensation heats a drink more than the surrounding air.
National Science Foundation

Contact: Hannah Hickey
hickeyh@uw.edu
206-543-2580
University of Washington

Public Release: 25-Apr-2013
Cell
Researchers identify key cellular organelle involved in gene silencing
How exactly microRNAs repress target gene expression is not well understood. A team of scientists led by UC Riverside geneticists has conducted a study on plants that shows that the site of action of the repression of target gene expression occurs on the endoplasmic reticulum, a cellular organelle that is an interconnected network of membranes -- essentially, flattened sacs and branching tubules -- that extends like a flat balloon throughout the cytoplasm in plant and animal cells.
National Institutes of Health, National Science Foundation, Howard Hughes Medical Institute

Contact: Iqbal Pittalwala
iqbal@ucr.edu
951-827-6050
University of California - Riverside

Public Release: 25-Apr-2013
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Researchers pinpoint how trees play role in smog production
After years of scientific uncertainty and speculation, researchers at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill show exactly how trees help create one of society's predominant environmental and health concerns: air pollution.
NIH/National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Science Foundation, Electric Power Research Institute

Contact: Thania Benios
thania_benios@unc.edu
919-962-8596
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Public Release: 25-Apr-2013
Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
With wave of the hand, Carnegie Mellon researchers create touch-based interfaces
Researchers previously have shown that a depth camera system, such as Kinect, can be combined with a projector to turn almost any surface into a touchscreen. Now researchers at Carnegie Mellon University have demonstrated how these touch-based interfaces can be created almost at will, with the wave of a hand. CMU's WorldKit system, for instance, enables someone to rub the arm of a sofa to "paint" a remote control for her TV.
National Science Foundation, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Heinz College

Contact: Byron Spice
bspice@cs.cmu.edu
412-268-9068
Carnegie Mellon University

Public Release: 25-Apr-2013
Science
Einstein's gravity theory passes toughest test yet
Because General Relativity is incompatible with quantum theory, physicists expect that its predictions will at some point fail under extreme conditions. However, in the most stringent test yet, Einstein's theory still holds up.
National Science Foundation

Contact: Dave Finley
dfinley@nrao.edu
575-835-7302
National Radio Astronomy Observatory

Public Release: 25-Apr-2013
Science
Piezoelectric 'taxel' arrays convert motion to electronic signals for tactile imaging
Using bundles of vertical zinc oxide nanowires, researchers have fabricated arrays of piezotronic transistors capable of converting mechanical motion directly into electronic controlling signals. The arrays could help give robots a more adaptive sense of touch, provide better security in handwritten signatures and offer new ways for humans to interact with electronic devices.
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, National Science Foundation, Department of Energy, US Air Force

Contact: John Toon
jtoon@gatech.edu
404-894-6986
Georgia Institute of Technology

Public Release: 24-Apr-2013
Nature
Rethinking early atmospheric oxygen
Using a quantitative model, a research team of biogeochemists at the University of California, Riverside has provided a new view on the relationship between the earliest accumulation of oxygen in the atmosphere, arguably the most important biological event in Earth's history, and its relationship to the sulfur cycle. Their model, the researchers argue, is one step toward a more integrated view of how Earth's crust, mantle and atmosphere interact in the global sulfur cycle.
California Institute of Technology, National Science Foundation, NASA Exobiology

Contact: Iqbal Pittalwala
iqbal@ucr.edu
951-827-6050
University of California - Riverside

Public Release: 24-Apr-2013
EcoHealth
Humans passing drug resistance to animals in protected Africa, Virginia Tech study says
A team of Virginia Tech researchers has discovered that humans are passing antibiotic resistance to wildlife, especially in protected areas where numbers of humans are limited. The research identifies the coupled nature of humans, animals, and the natural environment across landscapes, even those designated as protected.
National Science Foundation, Morris Annual Foundation, WildiZe Foundation

Contact: Lynn Davis
davisl@vt.edu
540-231-6157
Virginia Tech

Public Release: 24-Apr-2013
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B
Deep, permeable soils buffer impacts of crop fertilizer on Amazon streams, MBL study finds
An MBL study in the fast-changing southern Amazon--a region marked by widespread replacement of native forest by cattle ranches and croplands--suggests that some of the damaging impacts of agricultural fertilization on local streams may be buffered by the deep, highly permeable soils that characterize large areas of the expanding cropland.
National Science Foundation

Contact: Diana Kenney
dkenney@mbl.edu
508-289-7139
Marine Biological Laboratory

Public Release: 24-Apr-2013
ACS Nano
UNL team's discovery yields supertough, strong nanofibers
University of Nebraska-Lincoln materials engineers have developed a structural nanofiber that is both strong and tough, a discovery that could transform everything from airplanes and bridges to body armor and bicycles.
National Science Foundation, Air Force Office of Scientific Research, US Army Research Office

Contact: Yuris Dzenis
ydzenis@unl.edu
402-472-0713
University of Nebraska-Lincoln

Public Release: 24-Apr-2013
Nature
Ancient Earth crust stored in deep mantle
Scientists have long believed that lava erupted from certain oceanic volcanoes contains materials from the early Earth's crust. But decisive evidence for this phenomenon has proven elusive. New research from a team including Carnegie's Erik Hauri demonstrates that oceanic volcanic rocks contain samples of recycled crust dating back to the Archean era 2.5 billion years ago.
BU, National Science Foundation

Contact: Erik Hauri
hauri@dtm.ciw.edu
202-478-8471
Carnegie Institution

Public Release: 23-Apr-2013
The future of power?
South Dakota School of Mines & Technology researchers have successfully split water molecules during multiple thermochemical cycles at low temperatures, sparking hope that sustainable hydrogen energy will one day be feasible.
National Science Foundation

Contact: Fran LeFort
Fran.LeFort@sdsmt.edu
605-394-6082
South Dakota School of Mines and Technology

Public Release: 23-Apr-2013
What's old is new again
While automotive and medical device manufacturing may seem unrelated, the latter has benefited from the former. For example, manufacturing techniques developed for increasing the wear resistance of metallic camshafts are routinely used in hip implants. In both applications, performance and reliability are enhanced by increasing the strength of a metal part's surface. Now, an engineer in the Bourns College of Engineering at the University of California, Riverside seeks to extend this concept to medical devices.
National Science Foundation

Contact: Sean Nealon
sean.nealon@ucr.edu
951-827-1287
University of California - Riverside

Public Release: 23-Apr-2013
Nano Letters
Nanowires grown on graphene have surprising structure
When a team of University of Illinois engineers set out to grow nanowires of a compound semiconductor on top of a sheet of graphene, they did not expect to discover a new paradigm of epitaxy. The self-assembled wires have a core of one composition and an outer layer of another, a desired trait for many advanced electronics applications.
US Department of Energy, National Science Foundation

Contact: Liz Ahlberg
eahlberg@illinois.edu
217-244-1073
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Public Release: 23-Apr-2013
Gastroenterology
Team deploys hundreds of tiny untethered surgical tools in first animal biopsies
Using swarms of untethered grippers, each as small as a speck of dust, engineers and physicians have devised a new way to perform biopsies that could provide a more effective way to access narrow conduits in the body as well as find early signs of cancer or other diseases.
National Institutes of Health, National Science Foundation, Flight Attendants Medical Research Institute

Contact: Phil Sneiderman
prs@jhu.edu
443-287-9960
Johns Hopkins University

Public Release: 23-Apr-2013
Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference
Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference
Virtual, squishy creatures evolve to run using evolutionary algorithms
A research team led by Cornell University's Creative Machines Lab has created a computer algorithm that can be used to witness virtual creatures evolving their squishy, muscle-like features in order to teach themselves to walk.
National Science Foundation, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency

Contact: Syl Kacapyr
vpk6@cornell.edu
607-255-7701
Cornell University

Public Release: 23-Apr-2013
Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences
Study: Source of organic matter affects Bay water quality
A study led by researchers at the Virginia Institute of Marine Science reveals that organic carbon in runoff from urbanized landscapes is more likely to persist as it is carried downstream, thus contributing to low-oxygen "dead zones" in coastal waters.
National Science Foundation

Contact: David Malmquist
davem@vims.edu
804-684-7011
Virginia Institute of Marine Science

Public Release: 23-Apr-2013
Social Psychological and Personality Science
Whether human or hyena, there's safety in numbers
Humans, when alone, see threats as closer than they actually are. But mix in people from a close group, and that misperception disappears.
National Science Foundation

Contact: Andy Henion
henion@msu.edu
517-355-3294
Michigan State University

Public Release: 23-Apr-2013
PLOS ONE
Insights into deadly coral bleaching could help preserve reefs
Coral reefs are stressed because of climate change. Researchers from Northwestern University and The Field Museum of Natural History have discovered corals themselves play a role in their susceptibility to deadly coral bleaching due to the light-scattering properties of their skeletons. No one else has shown this before. Using optical technology designed for early cancer detection, the researchers discovered that reef-building corals scatter light in different ways to the symbiotic algae that feed the corals.
National Science Foundation

Contact: Megan Fellman
fellman@northwestern.edu
847-491-3115
Northwestern University

Public Release: 23-Apr-2013
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Israeli scientists discover why soft corals have unique pulsating motion
Scientists from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology have discovered why Heteroxenia corals pulsate. Their work, which resolves an old scientific mystery, appears in the current issue of PNAS (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences in the US).
Israel National Science Foundation

Contact: Jerry Barach
jerryb@savion.huji.ac.il
972-258-82904
The Hebrew University of Jerusalem

Showing releases 376-400 out of 738.

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