Research published in BMC Ecology describes a rare example of a context-specific birdsong and identifies the tropical boubou as the first bird species known to sing a 'victory duet'.
The birds probably sing to deter other birds from intruding into their territory. According to the authors, "We were able to hear the male note of the victory display across two territories, further than notes of other duets. Also, it was typically sung from higher perches than other duets, making it more conspicuous."
Tropical boubous are monogamous birds. The male and female of a pair often sing duets, with each bird having a distinct part.
German researchers Ulmar Grafe and Johannes Bitz visited the Comoé National Park in Ivory Coast to find out how tropical boubous respond to their territory being invaded. The researchers broadcast recordings of four duets, which are often sung during contests over territory, to 18 different pairs of birds.
Sixteen of the tropical boubou pairs stood their ground, and 11 of these pairs sung the 'victory duet' within 30 minutes of the researchers turning off their tape machine. The birds that flew off, presumably after 'losing' the battle, didn't sing a note for at least 30 minutes.
The 'victory duet' was the first and only song that the birds sung within 30 minutes of the antagonistic encounter. The tropical boubous waited for at least 150 seconds of silence, to check that the invaders had gone, before they announced they were the winners.
"Analysis revealed that the presumptive victory display was sung significantly more often after than before or during playback of recordings," write the researchers.
Like other duets sung by male and female tropical boubous, the 'victory duet' contained "highly synchronised tonal notes that were often repeated." However this song was longer than the other 12 songs in the tropical boubous' repertoire, with the same motif being sung around 40 times on average.
This release is based on the following article:
An acoustic postconflict display in the duetting tropical boubou (Laniarius aethiopicus): a signal of victory?
T Ulmar Grafe, Johannes H Bitz
BMC Ecology 2004, 4:1
Published on 28 January 2004
This research is available online free of charge according to BMC Ecology's Open Access policy at:
http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1472-6785-4-1.pdf
For more information about this research contact Dr. Ulmar Grafe by email at grafe@biozentrum.uni-wuerzburg.de or by phone on +49-931-8884372. Sound recordings of the birdsong are available.
Alternatively, or for more information about the journal or Open Access publishing, contact Gemma Bradley by email at press@biomedcentral.com or by phone on +44 (0)20 7323 0323
BMC Ecology (http://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcecol/) is published by BioMed Central (http://www.biomedcentral.com), an independent online publishing house committed to providing Open Access to peer-reviewed biological and medical research. This commitment is based on the view that immediate free access to research and the ability to freely archive and reuse published information is essential to the rapid and efficient communication of science. BioMed Central currently publishes over 100 journals across biology and medicine. In addition to open-access original research, BioMed Central also publishes reviews, commentaries and other non-original-research content. Depending on the policies of the individual journal, this content may be open access or provided only to subscribers.
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