December 1st is World AIDS day. There are 33.4 million people worldwide living with HIV, 67per cent in the Sub-Saharan Africa region. In South Africa alone, 5.6 million people are HIV-positive, with only 22 per cent having access to anti-retroviral medication. A pioneering study, funded by Economic and Social Research Council and the South African National Research Foundation, finds that those children who care for parents with AIDS have a higher level of mental illness.
With an overburdened health system, many patients remain at home, where their children take responsibility for their care. For these children, orphanhood is not a single acute event, but a process preceded by a parent's chronic and debilitating illness. Early findings indicate that amongst children living with AIDS-sick adults, 25 per cent do more than three hours of care work per day. In addition, a third undertake medical tasks such as dressing wounds, bathing and toileting the sick person, far higher proportions than amongst children caring for other-sick parents or guardians.
The young carers' education can also be affected with 41 per cent missing school to care for the sick person. They are also more likely to be bullied at school, stigmatised in the community and exposed to emotional and physical abuse at home. Children who care for parents that are sick with AIDS and AIDS-orphaned children show higher levels of psychological disorder, with strong linkages to the depression and anxiety experienced by their caregivers. As one seventeen-year old boy in the study said; 'I look at my mother and I see she is sick. I worry that she is going to die just like my father'.
This collaborative study is forging links between Oxford University, the South African National Government Departments of Social Development, Health and Basic Education and NGOs such as Cape Town Child Welfare, UNICEF and Save the Children, as well as a Teen Advisory Group of AIDS-affected children, and the South African Universities of KwaZulu-Natal, Cape Town and Witwatersrand. This has ensured that the findings are directly relevant to policy and programming for AIDS-affected children.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION, CONTACT Dr Lucie Cluver, (Tel: 01865 270325, email: lucie.cluver@socres.ox.ac.uk)
NOTES FOR EDITORS:
1. In this two year study, the first major study to be conducted with young carers of AIDS-sick adults, researchers are interviewing 5,500 children and adolescents who are either caring for adults with AIDS, caring for adults sick with other diseases or those living with healthy adults. They are also interviewing 2,500 adults - parents or guardians who live with the children. The research sites cover three cities and three rural areas in three South African provinces.
2. Statistics obtained from Joint United Nations Programme on HI/AIDS.
3. The Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) is the UK's largest organisation for funding research on economic and social issues. It supports independent, high quality research which has an impact on business, the public sector and the third sector. The ESRC's total expenditure in 2009/10 was about £211 million. At any one time the ESRC supports over 4,000 researchers and postgraduate students in academic institutions and independent research institutes. More at http://www.esrcsocietytoday.ac.uk