Involvement in high‑impact activities such as football, skiing, tennis or martial arts, significantly increases the wear rate and reduces the 'lifespan' of hip implants in adults who have undergone total hip replacement surgery more than a decade earlier. The work by Matthieu Ollivier, from the Sainte‑Marguerite Hospital in Marseille, France, and his team is published online in the Springer journal Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research.
A growing number of patients want to return to sport, and in some cases high-impact sports like jogging and soccer, after total hip replacement (or arthroplasty) operations. Although many surgeons already recommend certain activities more than others, little research has been performed to confirm whether these recommendations will reduce the lifespan of the artificial joint.
Ollivier and colleagues compared the function, wear rates and lifespan (or so-called 'survivorship', measured by either the need for revision due to mechanical failure, or signs of loosening) of hip implants in 70 patients who took part in high-impact sports and 140 with lower activity levels. These measurements were taken at least 11 years after the participants had the surgery. The patients were also asked to complete sports and quality-of-life questionnaires. X-rays of the hips and pelvis were taken and assessed after the operation.
Even though patients practicing high-impact sports had better function and better quality of life score than patients involved in lower-level activities at a minimum of ten years after the surgery, involvement in high-impact sport reduced the durability of the implants over a 10-15 year period. At 15 years' followup, the survivorship of the implants was 80 percent in the high-impact group compared to almost 94 percent in the low-activity group. Interestingly, both practicing a high-impact sport and being a male were factors for an increased wear rate over time, although the reasons for the gender difference are unclear.
The authors conclude: "These observations confirm experts' concerns about the potential risk related to high-impact sport and both patients and surgeons should be aware of these risks. Since participation in sport is now a reality for a significant number of total hip arthroplasty patients, surgeons may need to adapt their choices of bearing surfaces in implants to accommodate this growing trend."
Reference
Ollivier M et al (2012). Does impact sport activity influence total hip arthroplasty durability? Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. DOI 10.1007/s11999-012-2362-z
Journal
Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research