The National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) has named Princeton University and the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL) participants in a new $25 million, five-year project to address technology and policy issues related to nuclear arms control. The project will include a unique process that Princeton and PPPL are developing to verify that nuclear weapons to be dismantled or removed from deployment contain true warheads.
Princeton and PPPL will join a consortium of 13 universities and eight national laboratories in the project, called the Center for Verification Technology and led by the University of Michigan. Funding from NNSA, a semi-autonomous branch of the DOE, will include a combined total of $3.5 million over five years for Princeton and PPPL for their research on verification.
"This is an excellent example of collaboration between Princeton and PPPL on scientific issues of great public interest," said A.J. Stewart Smith, Princeton University vice president for PPPL. "This research benefits from the close integration of the main campus and PPPL."
As part of this project, Princeton and PPPL are developing a "zero-knowledge protocol for nuclear warhead verification" — a system to confirm that a putative warhead actually is one without measuring classified information that could lead to nuclear proliferation if the data were to be leaked. The research fires high-energy neutrons at a test object containing non-nuclear materials. This target, called a British Test Object, will be used to test the validity of the novel approach to verification.
"The goal is to prove with as high confidence as required that an inspected item is a true nuclear warhead while learning nothing about the materials and design of the warhead itself," said Robert Goldston, a professor of astrophysical sciences at Princeton and a fusion researcher and former director of PPPL. He is developing the zero-knowledge protocol with Alexander Glaser, an assistant professor in the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs and the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at Princeton. Both physicists are associated with the Princeton Program in Science and Global Security.
Princeton also leads a key research thrust of the consortium called "Treaty Verification: Characterizing Existing Gaps and Emerging Challenges" that is part of the NNSA project. "Our work in this area is meant to inform and guide the technical research that all the other groups are doing," said Glaser. "So we are in an excellent position to help make the overall project a great success. It is an exciting opportunity to be part of this effort."
PPPL, on Princeton University's Forrestal Campus in Plainsboro, N.J., is devoted to creating new knowledge about the physics of plasmas — ultra-hot, charged gases — and to developing practical solutions for the creation of fusion energy. Fusion takes place when atomic nuclei fuse and release a burst of energy. This compares with the fission reactions in today's nuclear power plants, which operate by splitting atoms apart.
Results of PPPL research have ranged from a portable nuclear materials detector for anti-terrorist use to universally employed computer codes for analyzing and predicting the outcome of fusion experiments. The Laboratory is managed by the University for the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science, which is the largest supporter of basic research in the physical sciences in the United States.