VANCOUVER, BRITISH COLUMBIA – An estimated 200,000 high school students who are bullied bring weapons to school, according to research to be presented Sunday, May 4, at the Pediatric Academic Societies (PAS) annual meeting in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Researchers also found that youths who have been victimized in multiple ways are up to 31 times more likely to carry a weapon to school than those who have not been bullied.
"Victims of bullying who have been threatened, engaged in a fight, injured, or had property stolen or damaged are much more likely to carry a gun or knife to school," said senior investigator Andrew Adesman, MD, FAAP, chief of developmental and behavioral pediatrics at Steven & Alexandra Cohen Children's Medical Center of New York.
Dr. Adesman and principal investigator Lana Schapiro, MD, FAAP, analyzed data from the 2011 Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System. The system includes a nationally representative survey of more than 15,000 U.S. high school students conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Students were asked if they had ever been bullied on school property in the past year and on how many days in the past month they carried a weapon on school grounds.
The researchers looked at whether any of the following risk factors increased the likelihood that victims would carry a weapon to school: not going to school due to feeling unsafe in school or on the way to school; had property stolen or damaged; had been threatened or injured with a weapon; and had been in a physical fight. They also looked at what occurred when students experienced multiple risk factors.
Results showed that 20 percent of high school students reported being victims of bullying. Those who were bullied were more likely to be in lower grades, females and white. They also were more likely to carry a weapon to school than kids who were not bullied (8.6 percent vs. 4.6 percent).
"Large numbers of high school students report having been victimized by bullies and admit to carrying a weapon to school. Greater efforts need to be expended on reducing bullying in all of its many forms," said Dr. Schapiro.
The researchers also found a dramatic increase in the likelihood that victims of bullying went to school with a weapon if they experienced multiple risk factors. Up to 28 percent of students experiencing one risk factor brought a weapon to school, while up to 62 percent of those experiencing three risk factors carried a weapon on campus.
"Tragedies like the Columbine High School massacre have alerted educators and the public to the grave potential for premeditated violence not just by bullies, but by their victims as well," said Dr. Adesman. "Our analysis of data collected by the CDC clearly identifies which victims of bullying are most likely to carry a gun or other weapon to school."
"With estimates of more than 200,000 victims of bullying carrying a weapon to high school, more effective prevention efforts and intervention strategies need to be identified," Dr. Schapiro added. "The greatest focus should not just be on bullies, but on the victims of bullies most likely to carry a weapon and potentially use deadly force if threatened."
Dr. Schapiro will present "Exponential, Not Additive, Increase in Risk of Weapons Carrying by Adolescents Who Themselves Are Frequent and Recurrent Victims of Bullying" from 1:30-1:45 p.m. Sunday, May 4, 2014. To view the study abstract, go to http://www.abstracts2view.com/pas/view.php?nu=PAS14L1_2725.3&terms=.
She will also present "Association between Victims of Bullying and Weapon Carrying among High School Students in the United States" from 8:15-8:30 a.m. Sunday, May 4. Updates were made to this abstract since it was submitted to PAS. The updated version is copied below.
No outside funding was received for this research.
[2150.2] Association between Victims of Bullying and Weapon Carrying Among High School Students in the United States
Lana Schapiro, Andrew Adesman. Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, Cohen Children's Medical Center of New York, New Hyde Park, NY.
BACKGROUND: In the wake of Columbine and other school-based tragedies, public health efforts have intensified to reduce the incidence of bullying. Although verbal taunts are most common in grade & middle school, physical assaults with fear of lethal retaliation are greatest in the high school (HS) setting. To date, there has been no analysis of HS students nation-wide with respect to weapons carrying by victims of bullying (VoB).
OBJECTIVE: To identify the frequency of weapons carrying in high school and in general by VoB, and to identify demographic and social risk factors in the United States.
DESIGN/METHODS: Data from the CDC's 2011 Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System were analyzed for grades 9-12 (N=15,425). Being a VoB was measured through a single self-report question ("During the past 12 months, have you ever been bullied on school property?"). VoB were compared with those who denied being a VOB regarding age, sex, grade, race, height, weight, and BMI %ile as well as past threats to property or personal safety. All analyses were done using procedures specifically suited for survey data in SAS 9.2.
RESULTS: 20% of HS students were a VoB within the past 12 months; VoB was more common in younger grades, females, and Caucasians. VoB were more likely to carry weapons in school (8.6% vs 4.6%; p<.0001; OR (95%CI): 1.96 (1.61, 2.38) and carry a gun in general within the last 30 days (6.3% vs 4.8%; p=.02; OR (95% CI): 1.34 (1.04, 1.71). The likelihood of carrying a weapon on school property was higher in VoB who had been threatened or injured with a weapon (28.2% vs. 4.6; p<0.0001; OR = 8.12 (6.2, 10.62)) or been in a physical fight on school property within the last 12 months (23.4% vs. 4.5%; p<0.0001; OR= 6.5 (4.98,8.5)). Carrying a weapon was much more common in VoB previously threatened/injured AND been in a fight (46.3% vs. 4.7%; <0.0001; OR=17.59 (10.73,28.83)). OR for carrying a weapon increased to 31.9 when fear of going to school was added as a risk factor (61.9% vs. 4.9%; p<0.0001; OR= 31.86 (17.74, 57.24)). Similar findings were noted for carrying a gun in general.
CONCLUSIONS: Bullying remains widespread among HS students. With estimates of more than 200,000 victims of bullying carrying a weapon to HS, more effective prevention efforts and intervention strategies need to be identified, with greatest focus not just on bullies, but on the victims of bullies most likely to carry a weapon and use deadly force if threatened. E-PAS2014:2150.2
Session: Platform Session: Addressing Adolescent Health Risk through Public Health Interventions (8:00 AM - 10:00 AM)
Date/Time: Sunday, May 4, 2014 - 8:15 AM
Room: West 119-120 - Vancouver Convention Centre
Course Code: 2150
The Pediatric Academic Societies (PAS) are four individual pediatric organizations that co-sponsor the PAS Annual Meeting – the American Pediatric Society, the Society for Pediatric Research, the Academic Pediatric Association, and the American Academy of Pediatrics. Members of these organizations are pediatricians and other health care providers who are practicing in the research, academic and clinical arenas. The four sponsoring organizations are leaders in the advancement of pediatric research and child advocacy within pediatrics, and all share a common mission of fostering the health and well-being of children worldwide. For more information, visit http://www.pas-meeting.org. Follow news of the PAS meeting on Twitter at http://twitter.com/PedAcadSoc.