EurekAlert! Public News List

Public Release: 21-May-2013

Environmental Health Perspectives
Early-life traffic-related air pollution exposure linked to hyperactivity
Early-life exposure to traffic-related air pollution was significantly associated with higher hyperactivity scores at age 7, according to new research from the University of Cincinnati and Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center.

NIH/National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences

Public Release: 21-May-2013

eLife
'Whodunnit' of Irish potato famine solved
An international team of scientists reveals that a unique strain of potato blight they call HERB-1 triggered the Irish potato famine of the mid-19th century.

Public Release: 21-May-2013

American Thoracic Society 2013 International Conference

New England Journal of Medicine
Early removal of adenoids and tonsils can help pediatric sleep apnea symptoms
A study led by Brigham and Women's Hospital finds early removal of adenoids and tonsils can improve behavior, sleep apnea symptoms and quality of life in children with sleep apnea. However, early removal fails to improve short term cognitive functioning.

National Institutes of Health

Public Release: 21-May-2013

mBio
Resistance to last-line antibiotic makes bacteria resistant to immune system
Bacteria resistant to the antibiotic colistin are also commonly resistant to antimicrobial substances made by the human body, according to a study in mBio®, the online open-access journal of the American Society for Microbiology. Cross-resistance to colistin and host antimicrobials LL-37 and lysozyme, which help defend the body against bacterial attack, could mean that patients with life-threatening multi-drug resistant infections are also saddled with a crippled immune response.

Public Release: 21-May-2013

American Thoracic Society 2013 International Conference

New England Journal of Medicine
Surgery on adenoid, tonsils improves outcomes in children with obstructive sleep apnea
Children with obstructive sleep apnea who had a common surgery to remove their adenoids and tonsils showed notable improvements in behavior, quality of life and other symptoms compared to those treated with "watchful waiting" and supportive care. However, there was no difference between both groups in attention and executive functioning, as measured by formal neuropsychological tests.

National Institutes of Health

Public Release: 21-May-2013

Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health
Aggressive behavior linked specifically to secondhand smoke exposure in childhood
Children who are exposed to secondhand smoke in early childhood are more likely to grow up to physically aggressive and antisocial, regardless of whether they were exposed during pregnancy or their parents have a history of being antisocial, according to Linda Pagani and Caroline Fitzpatrick of the University of Montreal and its affiliated CHU Sainte-Justine hospital.

Fonds de recherche du Quebec -- Societe et culture

Public Release: 21-May-2013

JAMA
Early use of tracheostomy for mechanically ventilated patients not associated with improved survival
For critically ill patients receiving mechanical ventilation, early tracheostomy (within the first 4 days after admission) was not associated with an improvement in the risk of death within 30 days compared to patients who received tracheostomy placement after 10 days, according to a study in the May 22/29 issue of JAMA.

Public Release: 21-May-2013

JAMA
Treatment with antidepressant results in lower rate of mental stress-induced cardiac ischemia
Among patients with stable coronary heart disease and mental stress-induced myocardial ischemia (MSIMI), 6 weeks of treatment with the antidepressant escitalopram, compared with placebo, resulted in a lower rate of MSIMI, according to a study in the May 22/29 issue of JAMA.

Public Release: 21-May-2013

American Thoracic Society 2013 International Conference

JAMA
Genetic variation among patients with pulmonary fibrosis associated with improved survival
Variation in the gene MUC5B among patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis was associated with improved survival, according to a study published online by JAMA. The study is being released early online to coincide with its presentation at the American Thoracic Society international conference.

Public Release: 21-May-2013

American Thoracic Society 2013 International Conference

JAMA
Shorter duration steroid therapy may offer similar effectiveness in reducing COPD exacerbations
Among patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease requiring hospital admission, a 5-day glucocorticoid treatment course was non-inferior (not worse than) to a 14-day course with regard to re-exacerbation during 6 months of follow-up, according to a study published online by JAMA. The authors write that these findings support a shorter-course glucocorticoid treatment regimen, which would reduce glucocorticoid exposure and the risk of possible adverse effects.

Public Release: 21-May-2013

Molecular Psychiatry
Genetic predictors of postpartum depression uncovered by Hopkins researchers
Johns Hopkins researchers say they have discovered specific chemical alterations in two genes that, when present during pregnancy, reliably predict whether a woman will develop postpartum depression.

Solomon & Rebecca Baker Foundation, NIH/National Institute of Mental Health

Public Release: 21-May-2013

Journal of the American Medical Association
Antidepressant reduces stress-induced heart condition
A drug commonly used to treat depression and anxiety may improve a stress-related heart condition in people with stable coronary heart disease, according to researchers at Duke Medicine.

NIH/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute

Public Release: 21-May-2013

Palaeontologia Electronica
Allosaurus fed more like a falcon than a crocodile, new study finds
The mighty T. rex may have thrashed its massive head from side to side to dismember prey, but a new study shows that its smaller cousin Allosaurus was a more dexterous hunter and tugged at prey more like a modern-day falcon.

National Science Foundation, Ohio University

Public Release: 21-May-2013

PLOS ONE
Bacterium uses natural 'thermometer' to trigger diarrheal disease, scientists find
How does the bacterium Shigella -- the cause of a deadly diarrheal disease -- detect that it's in a human host? Ohio University scientists have found that a biological "RNA thermometer" monitors whether the environment is right for the bacterium to produce the factors it needs to survive within the body, according to a study published May 21 in the journal PLOS ONE.

Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, German Research Foundation

Public Release: 21-May-2013

American Society for Microbiology 2013 General Meeting
Bacterial spare parts filter antibiotic residue from groundwater
Researchers at University of Cincinnati have developed and tested a solar-powered nano filter that is able to remove harmful carcinogens and antibiotics from water sources -- lakes and rivers -- at a significantly higher rate than the currently used filtering technology made of activated carbon. They report their results today at the 113th General Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology.

Public Release: 21-May-2013

PLOS Medicine
Integrating mental health care into HIV care
The integration of mental health interventions into HIV prevention and treatment platforms can reduce the opportunity costs of care and improve treatment outcomes, argues a new Policy Forum article published in this week's PLOS Medicine.

NIH/National Institute of Mental Health

Public Release: 21-May-2013

PLOS Medicine
Global recommendations on child medicine
Transparent information on the evidence supporting global recommendations on paediatric medicines should be easily accessible in order to help policy makers decides on what drugs to include in their national drug lists, according to international experts from Ghana and the UK writing in this week's PLOS Medicine.

Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Better Medicines for Children Project, World Health Organization

Public Release: 21-May-2013

PLOS Medicine
Novel RNA-based classification system for colorectal cancer
A novel transcriptome-based classification of colon cancer that improves the current disease stratification based on clinicopathological variables and common DNA markers is presented in a study published in PLOS Medicine this week.

Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer

Public Release: 21-May-2013

PLOS Medicine
H. pylori, smoking trends, and gastric cancer in US men
Trends in Helicobacter pylori and smoking explain a significant proportion of the decline of intestinal-type noncardia gastric adenocarcinoma incidence in US men between 1978 and 2008, and are estimated to continue to contribute to further declines between 2008 and 2040.

NIH/ National Cancer Institute

Public Release: 21-May-2013

Nature Communications
Small but speedy: Short plants live in the evolutionary fast lane
Biologists have known for a long time that some creatures evolve more quickly than others. Exactly why isn't well understood, particularly for plants. But it may be that height plays a role, says Robert Lanfear of Australian National University and the US National Evolutionary Synthesis Center. In a study to be published 21 May in the journal Nature Communications, Lanfear and colleagues report that shorter plants have faster-changing genomes.

Public Release: 21-May-2013

2013 APA Annual Meeting
Data shows long-term benefit of TMS in patients with depression using NeuroStar TMS therapy system
New data released today at the annual meeting of the American Psychiatric Association show that the NeuroStar TMS Therapy System® induced statistically and clinically meaningful response and remission in patients with Major Depressive Disorder during the acute phase of therapy, which were maintained through one year of treatment. At the end of acute treatment, 62 percent of patients achieved symptomatic improvement while 41 percent reported complete remission.

Public Release: 21-May-2013

American Thoracic Society 2013 International Conference
Treatment with A1-PI slows the progression of emphysema in Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
Treatment with an Alpha-1 proteinase inhibitor, a naturally occurring protein that protects lung tissue from breakdown and protects the lung's elasticity, is effective in slowing the progression of emphysema in patients with Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, a life-threatening genetic disorder, according to a new study presented at the 2013 American Thoracic Society International Conference.

Public Release: 21-May-2013

Canadian Medical Association Journal
Teens exposed to schoolmate's death by suicide much more likely to consider or attempt suicide
Youth who had a schoolmate die by suicide are significantly more likely to consider or attempt suicide, according to a study in published in Canadian Medical Association Journal. This effect can last two years or more, which has implications for strategies following schoolmate suicides.

SickKids Foundation, Canadian Institutes of Health Research

Public Release: 21-May-2013

American Thoracic Society 2013 International Conference
Monoclonal antibody appears effective and safe in asthma Phase IIa trial
A novel approach to obstructing the runaway inflammatory response implicated in some types of asthma has shown promise in a Phase IIa clinical trial, according to US researchers.

Public Release: 21-May-2013

American Thoracic Society 2013 International Conference
Exercise levels may predict hospitalizations in COPD population
Clinical measurement of physical activity appears to be an independent predictor of whether or not patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) will end up being hospitalized, according to a new study conducted by researchers in Connecticut. The study also corroborates an earlier investigation that linked higher levels of inactivity with an increased incidence of hospitalizations among patients with COPD.


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