EurekAlert! Public News List

Public Release: 1-Aug-2013

Journal of Paramedic Practice
Does the ambulance service need more training in mental health issues?
Ruth Elliot, Senior Lecturer in the department of Mental Health and Learning Disability at the University of Huddersfield, has published an article discussing the need for a national 'Mental Health Pathway' to enable paramedics to provide the appropriate care for people who present mental health issues.

Public Release: 1-Aug-2013

Carcinogenesis
Fatty acids could aid cancer prevention and treatment
Omega-3 fatty acids, contained in oily fish such as salmon and trout, selectively inhibit growth and induce cell death in early and late-stage oral and skin cancers, according to new research from scientists at Queen Mary, University of London.

Public Release: 1-Aug-2013

Journal of Clinical Investigation
Modeling of congenital amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia using iPS cell technology
Researchers has conducted a study in which iPS cells generated from a patient with congenital amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia were induced to differentiate into blood cells in vitro and then used to undertake a detailed study of the differences between these and cells from healthy subjects. They found that, in humans, thrombopoietin receptors are essential not only to the maintenance of the multipotent hematopoietic progenitor population and the production of platelets, but also to erythropoiesis.

Public Release: 1-Aug-2013

Science
Climate change occurring 10 times faster than at any time in past 65 million years
Not only is the planet undergoing one of the largest climate changes in the past 65 million years, Stanford climate scientists report that it's occurring at a rate 10 times faster than any change in that period. Without intervention, this extreme pace could lead to a 5-6 degree Celsius spike in annual temperatures by the end of the century.

Public Release: 1-Aug-2013

Cell
Targeted therapy identified for protein that protects and nourishes cancer
UT MD Anderson scientists identify the first targeted therapy to block Skp2, which suppresses a cellular defense against cancer and activates glycolysis to feed tumors. The drug restores the senescence program and stifles glycolysis to thwart tumor progression.

NIH/National Cancer Institute, American Cancer Society, Susan G. Komen for the Cure

Public Release: 1-Aug-2013

Cell
Blocking sugar intake may reduce cancer risk or progression in obese and diabetic people
Blocking dietary sugar and its activity in tumor cells may reduce cancer risk and progression, according to researchers from the Icahn School of Medicine. The study, conducted in fruit flies and published in the journal Cell, provides insight as to why metabolism-related diseases such as diabetes or obesity are associated with certain types of cancer, including pancreatic, breast, liver, and colon cancers.

Public Release: 1-Aug-2013

Journal of Health Economics
Consumers don't understand health insurance, Carnegie Mellon research shows
This fall, as part of the 2010 Affordable Care Act, Americans will have a greater range of health care insurance options to choose from, including, for many, state-based plans. But will they make the right decisions? That's doubtful, according to a new study led by Carnegie Mellon University's George Loewenstein.

Public Release: 1-Aug-2013

Molecular Cell
Sanford-Burnham researchers map a new metabolic pathway involved in cell growth
Deciphering the body's complex molecular pathways that lead to disease when they malfunction is highly challenging. Researchers at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute now have a more complete picture of one particular pathway that can lead to cancer and diabetes. In the study published by Molecular Cell, the scientists uncovered how a protein called p62 has a cascade affect in regulating cell growth in response to the presence of nutrients such as amino acids and glucose.

National Institutes of Health

Public Release: 1-Aug-2013

Science
CU-Boulder team develops new water splitting technique that could produce hydrogen fuel
A University of Colorado Boulder team has developed a radically new technique that uses the power of sunlight to efficiently split water into its components of hydrogen and oxygen, paving the way for the broad use of hydrogen as a clean, green fuel.

National Science Foundation, US Department of Energy

Public Release: 1-Aug-2013

Cell
New insight into how brain 'learns' cocaine addiction
A team of researchers says it has solved the longstanding puzzle of why a key protein linked to learning is also needed to become addicted to cocaine. Results of the study, published in the Aug. 1 issue of the journal Cell, describe how the learning-related protein works with other proteins to forge new pathways in the brain in response to a drug-induced rush of the "pleasure" molecule dopamine.

NIH/National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH/National Institute of Mental Health, NIH/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH/National Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, US Department of Energy

Public Release: 1-Aug-2013

Nature Communications
'Evolution will punish you if you're selfish and mean'
Two Michigan State University evolutionary biologists offer new evidence that evolution doesn't favor the selfish, disproving a theory popularized in 2012. "We found evolution will punish you if you're selfish and mean," said lead author Christoph Adami, MSU professor of microbiology and molecular genetics. "For a short time and against a specific set of opponents, some selfish organisms may come out ahead. But selfishness isn't evolutionarily sustainable."

National Science Foundation

Public Release: 1-Aug-2013

Science
As climate, disease links become clearer, study highlights need to forecast future shifts
Climate change is affecting the spread of infectious diseases worldwide, according to an international team of leading disease ecologists, with serious impacts to human health and biodiversity conservation. Writing in the journal Science, they propose that modeling the way disease systems respond to climate variables could help public health officials and environmental managers predict and mitigate the spread of lethal diseases.

National Science Foundation

Public Release: 1-Aug-2013

Science
Temperature alters population dynamics of common plant pests
Temperature-driven changes alter outbreak patterns of tea tortrix -- an insect pest -- and may shed light on how temperature influences whether insects emerge as cohesive cohorts or continuously, according to an international team of researchers. These findings have implications for both pest control and how climate change may alter infestations.

Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council, Canada, US Department of Agriculture

Public Release: 1-Aug-2013

Annals of Thoracic Surgery
For lung transplant, researchers surprised to learn bigger appears to be better
Transplant teams have long tried to match the size of donor lungs to the size of the recipient as closely as possible, concerned that lungs of the wrong size could lead to poor lung function and poor outcomes. But new Johns Hopkins-led research suggests that oversized donor lungs may instead be the best option for patients, finding they are associated with a 30 percent increased chance of survival one year after the operation.

Health Resources and Services Administration

Public Release: 1-Aug-2013

Cell
New target for the fight against cancer as a result of excessive blood vessel formation
New blood vessel formation (angiogenesis) stimulates the growth of cancer and other diseases. Anti-angiogenic inhibitors slow down cancer growth by disrupting the blood supply to the tumor. To date, the success of these treatments is limited by resistance, poor efficiency and harmful side effects. In the leading scientific journal Cell, Peter Carmeliet (VIB-KU Leuven) and his team reported that sugar metabolism (a process that we call glycolysis) also plays an essential role in the formation of new blood vessels.

Public Release: 1-Aug-2013

BMC Infectious Diseases
The 4-point test to predict death risk from C. difficile
A research paper published today, 2nd August 2013, in BMC Infectious Diseases has for the first time identified a unique four-point test using easily measurable clinical variables which can be used to accurately predict the death risk to patients from C. diff. Accurate prediction means that those patients at risk can be managed accordingly by the clinical team.

NIH/National Institute for Health Research Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care in the South West Peninsula

Public Release: 1-Aug-2013

Journal of Experimental Biology
Scientists uncover secrets of starfish's bizarre feeding mechanism
Scientists have identified a molecule that enables starfish to carry out one of the most remarkable forms of feeding in the natural world.

Public Release: 1-Aug-2013

Cancer Research
Scientists discover a molecular 'switch' in cancers of the testis and ovary
Cambridge scientists have identified an 'on/off' switch in a type of cancer which typically occurs in the testes and ovaries called 'malignant germ cell tumors'. The research was published today, 01 August, in the journal Cancer Research.

Public Release: 1-Aug-2013

American Journal of Physiology - Renal Physiology
Research hope for bladder cancer
Researchers from Plymouth University in the UK have for the first time identified the mechanism that causes a small, benign polyp to develop into severe invasive bladder cancer.

Public Release: 1-Aug-2013

Cell
Stray prenatal gene network suspected in schizophrenia
Researchers have reverse-engineered the outlines of a disrupted prenatal gene network in schizophrenia, by tracing spontaneous mutations to where and when they likely cause damage in the brain. Some people with the brain disorder may suffer from impaired birth of new neurons in the front of their brain during prenatal development, suggest the researchers, who compared spontaneous mutations in 105 affected and 84 unaffected siblings, in families without previous histories of the illness.

NIH/National Institute of Mental Health

Public Release: 1-Aug-2013

Science
Scientists find long-sought method to efficiently make complex anticancer compound
Scientists at the Scripps Research Institute have achieved the first efficient chemical synthesis of ingenol, a highly complex, plant-derived compound of interest to drug developers for its anticancer potential. The achievement will enable scientists to synthesize a wide variety of ingenol derivatives and investigate their therapeutic properties. The achievement also sets the stage for the efficient commercial production of ingenol mebutate, an existing anticancer drug that at present must be extracted inefficiently from plants.

LEO Pharma, Carlsberg Foundation, Danish Council for Independent Research, Alexander von Humboldt Foundation

Public Release: 1-Aug-2013

Current Biology
A week's worth of camping synchs internal clock to sunrise and sunset, CU-Boulder study finds
Spending just one week exposed only to natural light while camping in the Rocky Mountains was enough to synch the circadian clocks of eight people participating in a University of Colorado Boulder study with the timing of sunrise and sunset.

Public Release: 1-Aug-2013

Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology
The rise of deadly insect sting allergies: Is there a cure?
According to a report released today in the August issue of Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, the scientific journal of the American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, insect sting allergy is increasing, affecting five percent of the population. But what much of the population may not understand is that there is something that can be done about it.

Public Release: 1-Aug-2013

Cell
Potential nutritional therapy for childhood neurodegenerative disease
Researchers at the University of California, San Diego School of Medicine have identified the gene mutation responsible for a particularly severe form of pontocerebellar hypoplasia, a currently incurable neurodegenerative disease affecting children. Based on results in cultured cells, they are hopeful that a nutritional supplement may one day be able to prevent or reverse the condition.

National Institutes of Health, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, California Institute for Regenerative Medicine

Public Release: 1-Aug-2013

Nature Communications
Nice organisms finish first: Why cooperators always win in the long run
Leading physicists last year turned game theory on its head by giving selfish players a sure bet to beat cooperative players. Now two evolutionary biologists at Michigan State University offer new evidence that the selfish will die out in the long run.

National Science Foundation


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