EurekAlert! Public News List

Public Release: 1-Aug-2013

American Sociological Review
Threat of arrest and punishment may not deter illegal immigration
Neither the threat of arrest nor punishment may significantly deter Mexicans from trying to enter the United States illegally, according to a new study.

Public Release: 1-Aug-2013

American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
ATS publishes clinical practice guideline on ILD in infancy
The American Thoracic Society has released new clinical practice guidelines on the classification, evaluation and management of childhood interstitial lung disease in infants. Childhood ILD includes a diverse group of rare lung diseases found in infants, children and teens that involve the interstitial tissues of the lung, which surround the air sacs (alveoli) in the lung and airways (breathing tubes).

Public Release: 1-Aug-2013

The Astrophysics Journal
When galaxies switch off
Some galaxies hit a point in their lives when their star formation is snuffed out, and they become "quenched". Quenched galaxies in the distant past appear to be much smaller than the quenched galaxies in the Universe today. This has always puzzled astronomers -- how can these galaxies grow if they are no longer forming stars? A team of astronomers has now used a huge set of Hubble observations to give a surprisingly simple answer to this long-standing cosmic riddle.

Public Release: 1-Aug-2013

Science
'Soft' approach leads to revolutionary energy storage
Monash University researchers have brought next generation energy storage closer with an engineering first -- a graphene-based device that is compact, yet lasts as long as a conventional battery.

Australian Research Council

Public Release: 1-Aug-2013

Cell
New designer compound treats heart failure by targeting cell nucleus
Researchers from Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute have made a fundamental discovery relevant to the understanding and treatment of heart failure -- a leading cause of death worldwide. The team discovered a new molecular pathway responsible for causing heart failure and showed that a first-in-class prototype drug, JQ1, blocks this pathway to protect the heart from damage.

National Institutes of Health

Public Release: 1-Aug-2013

Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
Ultrasound patch heals venous ulcers in human trial
In a small clinical study, researchers administered a new method for treating chronic wounds using a novel ultrasound applicator that can be worn like a band-aid. The applicator delivers low-frequency, low-intensity ultrasound directly to wounds, and was found to significantly accelerate healing in five patients with venous ulcers.

NIH/National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering

Public Release: 1-Aug-2013

Science
Common genetic ancestors lived during roughly same time period, Stanford scientists find
A study led by the Stanford University School of Medicine indicates the two roughly overlapped during evolutionary time: from between 120,000 to 156,000 years ago for the man, and between 99,000 and 148,000 years ago for the woman.

Public Release: 1-Aug-2013

Cell Stem Cell
UC San Diego researchers develop efficient model for generating human iPSCs
Researchers at the University of California, San Diego School of Medicine report a simple, easily reproducible RNA-based method of generating human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in the Aug. 1 edition of Cell Stem Cell. Their approach has broad applicability for the successful production of iPSCs for use in human stem cell studies and eventual cell therapies.

California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Defense, Howard Hughes Medical Institute

Public Release: 1-Aug-2013

PLOS Genetics
Genetic background check may explain why mutations produce different results
Two women have the same genetic mutation -- an abnormal BRCA1 gene that puts them both at much higher-than-average risk for breast cancer -- but only one woman develops the disease. Why? Michigan State University genetic scientists have begun to understand the mechanisms behind the phenomena.

National Science Foundation

Public Release: 1-Aug-2013

Ecology Letters
Bacteria hold the clues to trade-offs in financial investments and evolution
Scientists have found that bacteria have the potential to teach valuable investment lessons. The research, published in the journal Ecology Letters, takes advantage of the fact that bacteria, like humans, have limited resources and are constantly faced with investment decisions.

Natural Environment Research Council, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, Australian Research Council

Public Release: 1-Aug-2013

Cell Stem Cell
Boning up: McMaster researchers find home of best stem cells for bone marrow transplants
McMaster University researchers have revealed the location of human blood stem cells that may improve bone marrow transplants. The best stem cells are at the ends of the bone.

Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Ontario Cancer Research Institute

Public Release: 1-Aug-2013

Journal of Sexual Medicine
Both parents experience highs and lows in sexuality after childbirth
Partners of new mothers often experience shifts in sexuality, and these shifts are often unrelated to biological or medical factors pertaining to childbirth. The findings, which are published in a recent issue of The Journal of Sexual Medicine, expand current understanding of postpartum sexuality, and may help health professionals as they counsel new parents.

Public Release: 1-Aug-2013

Cell Reports
Neuroscientists find protein linked to cognitive deficits in Angelman syndrome
A team of neuroscientists has identified a protein in laboratory mice linked to impairments similar to those afflicted with Angelman syndrome -- a condition associated with symptoms that include autism, intellectual disability, and motor abnormalities.

National Institutes of Health, Angelman Syndrome Foundation

Public Release: 1-Aug-2013

Science
Future warming: Issues of magnitude and pace
Researchers reviewed the likelihood of continued changes to the terrestrial climate, including an analysis of a collection of 27 climate models. If emissions of heat-trapping gases continue along the recent trajectory, 21st century mean annual global warming could exceed 3.6 °F ( 2 °C) over most terrestrial regions during 2046 to 2065 and 7.2 °F (4 °C) during 2081-2100.At this pace, it will probably be the most rapid large climate change in the last 65 million years.

Public Release: 1-Aug-2013

Science
2 dimensions of value: Dopamine neurons represent reward but not aversiveness
The experiments reported here show that dopamine neurons are sensitive to the value of reward but not punishment (like the aversiveness of a bitter taste). This demonstrates that reward and aversiveness are represented as two discrete dimensions (or categories) in the brain.

Public Release: 1-Aug-2013

Science
Climate strongly affects human conflict and violence worldwide, says study
Shifts in climate are strongly linked to human violence around the world, with even relatively minor departures from normal temperature or rainfall substantially increasing the risk of conflict in ancient times or today, according to a new study by researchers at the University of California, Berkeley, and Princeton University.

Public Release: 1-Aug-2013

Nature Communications
Fly study finds 2 new drivers of RNA editing
A new study in Nature Communications finds that RNA editing is not only regulated by sequences and structures near the editing sites but also by ones found much farther away. One newly discovered structure gives an editing enzyme an alternate docking site. The other appears to throttle competing splicing activity.

National Science Foundation

Public Release: 1-Aug-2013

Science
Arctic sea-ice loss has widespread effects on wildlife
How the Arctic wildlife and humans will be affected by the continued melting of Arctic sea ice is explored in a review article in the journal Science, by an international team of scientists. The article examines relationships among algae, plankton, whales, and terrestrial animals such as caribou, arctic foxes, and walrus; as well as the effects of human exploration of previously inaccessible parts of the region.

National Science Foundation, Penn State University

Public Release: 1-Aug-2013

Journal of American Society of Nephrology
Simple ultrasound treatment may help protect the kidneys
Ultrasound treatment can help prevent acute kidney injury in animals. Anti-inflammatory effects of the treatment appear to give it its kidney-protective properties.

National Institutes of Health

Public Release: 1-Aug-2013

Current Biology
We each live in our own little world -- smellwise
There are some smells we all find revolting. But toward a handful of odors, different people display different sensitivities. A pair of studies identifies the genetic differences that underpin the differences in smell sensitivity. The researchers tested 200 people for their sensitivity to 10 different chemical compounds. They then searched through the subjects' genomes for areas of the DNA that differed between people who could smell a given compound and those who could not.

Public Release: 1-Aug-2013

Journal of Clinical Investigation
Defense against bacterial infection in chronic granulomatous disease
Patients suffering from chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) are prone to recurrent and potentially life threatening bouts of infection due to the inability of phagocytic cells to kill invading microorganisms. In the current issue of the Journal of Clinical Investigation, Griffin Rodgers and colleagues at the National Institutes of Health identify a neutrophil granule protein, OLFM4 as a potential therapeutic target for CGD patients.

National Institutes of Health

Public Release: 1-Aug-2013

Journal of Clinical Investigation
Identification of a molecule linking bone loss and bone formation
In this issue of the Journal of Clinical Investigation, Sunao Takeshita and colleagues at the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology identify a protein, CTHRC1 that is secreted by bone adsorbing cells and helps initiate bone formation.

Japan/Ministry of Education, NIH/Promotion of Fundamental Studies in Health Sciences

Public Release: 1-Aug-2013

Journal of Clinical Investigation
Prolactin reduces arthritis inflammation
In this issue of the Journal of Clinical Investigation, Carmen Clapp and colleagues at the National University of Mexico identify prolactin as a potential treatment for inflammatory joint disease.

National University of Mexico

Public Release: 1-Aug-2013

Journal of Clinical Investigation
JCI early table of contents for Aug. 1, 2013
This release contains summaries, links to PDFs, and contact information for the following newsworthy papers to be published online, Aug. 1, 2013, in the JCI: Prolactin reduces arthritis inflammation; Identification of a molecule linking bone loss and bone formation; and defense against bacterial infection in chronic granulomatous disease.

Public Release: 1-Aug-2013

American Psychological Association's 121st Annual Convention

Journal of Consumer Research
Feeling left out can lead to risky financial decisions, research finds
People who feel isolated are more inclined to make risker financial decisions for bigger payoffs, according to new research presented at the American Psychological Association's 121st Annual Convention.


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