Norovirus outbreaks are detectable by wastewater monitoring earlier than by other surveillance methods depending on reporting practices, making this a potentially important public health tool (IMAGE)
Caption
HuNoV GII wastewater levels at 5 wastewater treatment plants in 2021–2022.
A. Comparison of PMMoV-normalized HuNoV GII levels from 5 WWTPs in Michigan from 2021–2022. HuNoV was quantified in influent samples using ddPCR at least weekly and PMMoV normalized values were plotted over one year. The only exception is TM, where sample collection began later, in January 2022. Lines connect all values measured for each WWTP. B. Seasonal HuNoV GII values in log10 (median, IQR) for each individual WWTP are presented using box-and-whisker plots for all 4 seasons. Note, no fall values for TM were obtained. The definition of the seasons is meteorological, beginning on the 1st day of the months of the equinoxes or solstices.
Credit
Ammerman et al, 2024. CC-BY 4.0
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CC BY