We established that Onsager’s principle of reciprocity is violated for the cell model of an ion–exchange membrane —the coupled cross kinetic coefficients are not equal. It is crucial when considering the transport characteristics of charged membrane (IMAGE)

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We established that Onsager’s principle of reciprocity is violated for the cell model of an ion–exchange membrane —the coupled cross kinetic coefficients are not equal. It is crucial when considering the transport characteristics of charged membrane

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We established that Onsager’s principle of reciprocity is violated for the cell model of an ion–exchange membrane —the coupled cross kinetic coefficients are not equal. It is crucial when considering the transport characteristics of charged membranes.

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Anatoly Filippov/Gubkin University

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