The potassium sodium niobate (KxNa1−x)NbO3 (KNN) has a perovskite structure, Nb5+ ion occupies near the center of an oxygen octahedron, and Na+ or K+ ion occupies the outside of an oxygen octahedron. The off-center of Nb5+ is the origin of ferroelectric (IMAGE)

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The potassium sodium niobate (KxNa1−x)NbO3 (KNN) has a perovskite structure, Nb5+ ion occupies near the center of an oxygen octahedron, and Na+ or K+ ion occupies the outside of an oxygen octahedron. The off-center of Nb5+ is the origin of ferroelectric

Caption

The potassium sodium niobate (KxNa1−x)NbO3 (KNN) has a perovskite structure, Nb5+ ion occupies near the center of an oxygen octahedron, and Na+ or K+ ion occupies the outside of an oxygen octahedron. The off-center of Nb5+ is the origin of ferroelectricity and piezoelectricity. Vibrational spectroscopy is a powerful tool for studying the lattice instability of ferroelectric materials. Raman scattering spectra show the temperature dependence of optical modes, which reflect the structural changes of KNN with temperature.

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Seiji Kojima/University of Tsukuba

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