Before doping, the NaNbO3 ceramics are prone to breakdown and cannot obtain a complete P-E hysteresis loop. (IMAGE)

Tsinghua University Press

Before doping, the NaNbO3 ceramics are prone to breakdown and cannot obtain a complete P-E hysteresis loop.

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Before doping, the NaNbO3 ceramics are prone to breakdown and cannot obtain a complete P-E hysteresis loop. Under doping or high-temperature conditions, a square hysteresis loop with ferroelectric characteristics can be obtained, indicating that the sample irreversibly transforms into a ferroelectric phase under the action of an electric field. After co-doping with Sn and Ce, the NaNbO3 ceramic material, under the action of a periodic electric field, the corresponding antiferroelectric phase and ferroelectric phase transformation is reversible, corresponding to a typical double hysteresis loop. The electrostrictive strain performance is also significantly increased.

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics, Tsinghua University Press

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