Anion shell rearrangement for selective ion transport at nanoscale confinements (IMAGE)
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For ion transport at nanoscale confinements, a cost of energy is discovered that originates from the rearrangement of the counter-ion shell, with the magnitude of which depending on the type of transport ion as well as the charging state of the ionic channel (top panel). Therefore, via tuning the electrical charges at the graphene-based heterogeneous membrane surface, a record mono-/bi-valent ion selectivity is achieved, together with a high permeation rate (bottom panel).
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