Stem-like and effector peripheral helper T cells comprise distinct subsets in rheumatoid arthritis (IMAGE)
Caption
There are two types of Tph cells in rheumatoid arthritis joints that have different roles. Stem-like Tph cells live inside immune “hubs” called tertiary lymphoid structures, where they interact closely with B cells. This interaction helps stem-like Tph cells develop into active effector Tph cells and stimulates B cells to produce antibodies. Effector Tph cells are found outside these hubs, where they are found together with other immune cells that drive inflammation.
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ASHBi/Kyoto University
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