Relationship between heart rate and time perception. (IMAGE)

National Research University Higher School of Economics

Relationship between heart rate and time perception.

Caption

The diagram plots normalised heart rate (X-axis) against time estimation error (Y-axis): lower points indicate that the video was perceived as shorter. Each dot represents a single trial, with dot colours corresponding to individual participants. The black line (slope β = -0.24) shows the overall trend: slower heart rates were associated with greater underestimation of time.

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© Volodina Maria, Rusinova Anna, Terenteva Kristina, Kosonogov Vladimir. Interoceptive signals and emotional states shape temporal perception through heart rate modulation. Frontiers in Psychology, Volume 16, 2025

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