Figure 6. Effect of drought stress on shoot phenolics and transcriptome profiles of two provenances of Norway spruce. (IMAGE)
Caption
(a) Principal component analysis (PCA) of metabolic profiles of studied provenances at different time points. Note the differences between treatments and time along PC1 and provenance differences on PC2. (b) Total phenolics (sum of 1021 features) contents in well-watered (WW) and drought-stressed (D) samples at four different time points. Asterisks indicate significant differences between treatments at respective time points assessed by t-test. P-values ∗ = P<0.05; ∗∗=P < 0.01; ∗∗∗ = P < 0.001. Error bars indicate the standard error of means. (n=3 technical replicates derived from the pool of 19–24 individuals per provenance, treatment, and time point). (c) Hierarchal cluster analysis of identified and annotated 43 phenolics compounds. (d) PCA of transcript profiles. (e) Venn diagram exhibits the number of shared and unique differentially expressed genes (DEG) (FDR <0.05) between provenances. The bar plots below the Venn diagram represent number of up-and downregulated DEG in each provenance with respect to well-watered seedlings. (f) Heatmap of DEG of ABA biosynthesis, signaling and photosynthesis pathways. The bold letters indicate significance for D1 exclusively in P2. For clarity only a subset of genes is shown from these pathways. A complete list is provided in Table S7.
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