The gut microbiota composition in the microbiota e Doença Hepática Não Alcoólica (microDHNA) n=61 cohort is distinctly associated with steatosis severity (continuous measure, dB/m) and metformin use. (IMAGE)
Caption
(a) Visualisation of inter-individual differences in microbiota profiles (genus level composition) using principal component analysis (PCoA). Enterotypes (Bact2, Bact1, Rum, Prev) are represented by color. Vectors represent the post-hoc fit of the microbiota variation associated with the significant, independent determinants of genus-level variation in the microbiota community, steatosis severity and metformin intake (online supplemental table S2). Boxplots surrounding the PCoA represent the enterotype distribution data points along each PCo axis. The body of the box plot represents the first and third quartiles of the distribution, the line represents the median and the whiskers extend from the quartiles to the last data point within 1.5×interquartile range, with outliers beyond. (b) Enterotype distribution in the microDHNA cohort and compared with lean and overweight or obese participants in the Western population, Flemish Gut Flora Project (FGFP) data set. The microDHNA cohort showed greater prevalence of the dysbiotic Bact2 enterotype than lean and overweight/obese participants of the general Western population (n=2345, Chi-squared tests, online supplemental table S4). (c) Prevalence switch of enterotypes with steatosis severity in all participants and restricted to metformin users, showing the increase in Bact2 prevalence in patients with more severe steatosis (logistic regression (Logit), odds ratio=1.01, adjP=0.077, n=49, online supplemental table S5). Coloured areas represent the stacked enterotype prevalence along the steatosis gradient, with lines provided by multinomial Logit of enterotypes by steatosis severity, and data points (light grey) jittered at the corresponding steatosis severity level. (d) Genera proportions associated with steatosis severity and metformin intake (online supplemental table S5). Heatmap representation of the effect size of the associations (colour) (Spearman’s rank correlation ρ for steatosis severity and Wilcoxon rank-sum test rank biserial for metformin). Adjustment for multiple testing was performed using the Benjamini-Hochberg method (adjP). The asterisks represent the significance level (adjP<0.1*). (e) Scatter plot representation highlighting genera proportions significantly correlated with steatosis severity (Spearman rank correlation test; adjP<0.1, online supplemental table S5).
Credit
By Marta Borges-Canha, Javier Centelles-Lodeiro, Sara Vieira-Silva, et al.
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