Study flowchart. (IMAGE)
Caption
Study flowchart.Cervical cancer burden and trends in China and selected Asia-Pacific countries, 2000–2020. This study flow summarizes the rationale, methods, main findings, and policy implications of the study. National data were derived from 22 long-standing cancer registries in China (2000–2020), complemented by GLOBOCAN Overtime data for Australia, the Republic of Korea, Japan, and the Philippines. Analyses estimated age-standardized incidence and mortality rates (ASIR, ASMR) by age group (<35, 35–64, 65–74, ≥75 y) and by urban–rural areas, using joinpoint regression to calculate annual percent change (APC) and average annual percent change (AAPC) with reference to key policy milestones (2009 national screening program, 2016–2017 HPV vaccine introduction). The results highlighted a plateau in incidence and mortality nationally and in urban areas after 2016, persistent increases among older women (≥65 years), and widening urban–rural disparities. International comparisons showed favorable declines in Australia and republic of Korea, in contrast to rising incidence in Japan and increasing mortality in the Philippines. Policy implications emphasize expanding HPV vaccination, scaling up HPV-based screening with self-sampling in underserved areas, and ensuring nationwide access to quality-assured treatment to achieve elimination goals.
Credit
Cancer Biology & Medicine
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