Charge generation pathways of organic materials (IMAGE)
Caption
The researchers mapped the various pathways by which electrons can be excited from the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) an organic material to the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) and beyond to ionization.
While photo-induced charge separation (CS) between donor and acceptor materials (A), direct photoionization in single-component molecules (E) and non-resonant multiphoton ionization (NRMPI, D) are well-studied, the resonant multiphoton excitation pathways (B–C) had received little attention.
In these states, electrons absorb multiple photons in succession, with each photon bumping the electron onto a higher but short-lived excited state before the next photon pushes it further. In NRMPI, the electron never lands on an excited state but is instead collectively pushed by multiple photons through ‘virtual’ states on the way to ionization.
Credit
Oyama et al., 2025
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Credit must be given to the creator.
License
CC BY