Overview of multi-platform stereoscopic cooperative observation of typhoons (IMAGE)
Caption
This figure illustrates the emerging paradigm of multi-platform, stereoscopic cooperative observation for tropical cyclones. Traditional platforms, such as manned aircraft, and moored buoys, are insufficient to provide the high-resolution, real-time data needed for accurate typhoon forecasting. To fill these long-standing observational gaps, an integrated network of unmanned platforms has emerged spanning the atmosphere, sea surface, upper ocean, and seafloor. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), dropsondes, and radiosondes capture atmospheric structure and boundary layer processes. Saildrones, Wave Gliders (WG), and drifting buoys monitor surface winds, waves, and fluxes. Autonomous underwater gliders (AUGs), autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) and profiling floats monitor the temperature and salinity profiles within the mixed layer. Seafloor observatories record subsurface thermal and dynamical responses. Together, these coordinated autonomous systems form a dynamic, intelligent observation network that enables comprehensive, multi-scale monitoring of typhoons and supports improved forecasting and coastal resilience.
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OCEAN-LAND-ATMOSPHERE RESEARCH
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