NMN-Exo improve the cardiac function of MI mice through angiogenesis. (IMAGE)
Caption
(a) Experimental flowchart outlining the process of macrophage exosome extraction and the in vivo tail vein injection of exosomes in mice. The RAW264.7 cell line was used for the experiment and culture medium was collected after PBS or NMN treatment. Exosomes were separated by differential centrifugation and injected into mice via the tail vein for subsequent experiments. (b) Representative in vivo and ex vivo fluorescent images of various organs in mice injected with DiR-labeled exosomes. Scale bar, 5 mm. n = 3. (c) Echocardiographic detection of changes in cardiac function on the seventh day after MI. Scale bars, 2 mm (right row), 0.1 s (bottom row). n = 5–13. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s test. (d) Representative images of four cardiac slices from the Sham group, MI group, and the mice subjected to Nor-Exo or NMN-Exo treatment after MI, followed by TTC staining. Scale bar, 1 mm. n = 3. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s test. (e) Masson staining revealing the effect of NMN-Exo treatment on collagen deposition and angiogenesis in the infarcted area. Scale bars, 100 μm, 20 μm (higher magnification). (f) The effect of NMN-Exo treatment on angiogenesis in the border zone of MI by Microfil angiography. Arrows indicate microvascular branches filled with Microfil contrast agents. Scale bars, 1 mm (top row), 1 mm (bottom row), n = 4. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s test. (g) The effect of NMN-Exo treatment on angiogenesis in the border zone of MI by CD31 immunofluorescence. CD31 (green), DAPI (blue). Scale bars, 100 μm, 200 μm (second magnification). n = 3. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s test. (h) Co-localization of exosomes and vascular endothelial cells. CD31 (green), Dil (red), DAPI (blue). Scale bars, 50 μm, 150 μm (second magnification). (i) Effect of NMN-Exo treatment on HUVEC migration. Scale bar, 100 μm. n = 3. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s test. (j) Effects of NMN-Exo treatment on HUVEC tube formation. Scale bar, 100 μm. n = 3. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s test.
Credit
Manyu Gong, Haodong Li, et al.
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