Schematic of millimeter wave (MMW)-driven tumor microenvironment remodeling illustrating MMW therapy modifying the tumor microenvironment to enhance immune response, facilitating the transition from “cold” to “hot” tumors. (IMAGE)
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Xiaoying Tang, School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology Zhengzhou Academy of Intelligent Technology.
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News organizations may use or redistribute this image, with proper attribution, as part of news coverage of this paper only. In cancer treatment, "cold tumors"—characterized by insufficient lymphocyte infiltration and an immune-suppressive microenvironment—pose a major barrier to immunotherapy. Unlike "hot tumors" that respond relatively well to immune checkpoint inhibitors, cold tumors often evade immune surveillance, leading to low response rates and poor patient outcomes. Current physical therapies, such as radiation, rely on high-energy ionizing radiation that damages healthy tissues, causing severe side effects. Thus, there is an urgent need for safe, non-invasive approaches to overcome these limitations.
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