Defect Engineering Strategies for Enhancing LDH-Based OER Catalysts. (IMAGE)
Caption
Defect Engineering Strategies for Enhancing LDH-Based OER Catalysts. This schematic summarizes the key electronic defect engineering approaches used to boost the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance of layered double hydroxides (LDHs). Strategies include heteroatom partial substitution, lattice and interlayer structure modification, host–guest interaction, single-atom catalyst (SAC) incorporation, and electronic regulation to optimize active-site exposure, charge transfer, and catalytic stability. The figure highlights how vacancy design, metal–support interface interactions, and dynamic reconstruction tune electron distribution, ultimately improving intrinsic activity and efficiency in water-splitting applications.
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