Flexible Polymer‑Based Electronics for Human Health Monitoring: A Safety‑Level‑Oriented Review of Materials and Applications (IMAGE)
Caption
- A safety-level-oriented framework is proposed to systematically classify polymer-based flexible health-monitoring devices from noninvasive to long-term implantable modalities.
- Material–safety relationships are elucidated by mapping hydrogels, elastomers, and conductive composites to modality-specific requirements in mechanical compliance, biochemical stability, electrical safety, and long-term biointegration.
- Time-scale-dependent design principles are summarized to guide future development of safe, adaptive, and clinically translatable polymer-based monitoring systems.
Credit
Dan Xu, Yi Yang, Keiji Numata*, Bo Pang*.
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Credit must be given to the creator. Only noncommercial uses of the work are permitted. No derivatives or adaptations of the work are permitted.
License
CC BY-NC-ND