A gut–CNS immunological axis with implications in autoimmune neuroinflammation (IMAGE)
Caption
In this study, patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model of MS exhibited an accumulation of Th17 cells in the small intestine. Intestinal epithelial cells upregulate major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II) in response to neuroinflammatory signals, enabling direct antigen presentation to CD4+ T cells and generation of pathogenic Th17 cells that home to the central nervous system (CNS). Created in BioRender. Suzuki, S. (2026) https://BioRender.com/x6ih9pc.
Credit
Associate Professor Tomohisa Sujino from Keio University, Japan
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Original content