General schema of the proposed GSMFormer-PPI model (IMAGE)

National Research University Higher School of Economics

General schema of the proposed GSMFormer-PPI model

Caption

Panel A illustrates the different types of protein representations used by the model: structural, sequential, and surface-based. Panel B shows how these representations are projected to a common dimensional space, processed by a transformer, and then used to generate the final prediction of the interaction.

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© Arteaga, D., Chervov, N. & Poptsova, M. Multimodal graph, surface, and language-based model for protein-protein interaction prediction. Sci Rep 16, 4772 (2026). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-34758-x.

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