Conceptual illustration of the experimental framework used to investigate cellular responses to human-like multiaxial loading. (IMAGE)
Caption
The MSK humanoid robot delivers shoulder-like motion to cell-seeded decellularized tendon scaffolds housed within a soft bioreactor. The chamber incorporates a fiber-based strain sensor for real-time deformation monitoring and a transparent membrane to allow noninvasive imaging of cellular morphology. Unlike conventional uniaxial platforms that apply only linear stretching, this platform allows direct comparison of cellular behaviors, such as proliferation and alignment and differentiation under multiaxial versus uniaxial stimulation, providing insight into the mechanotransduction pathways activated by physiological motion.
Credit
Zekun Liu, University of Oxford.
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