Synergistic Mechanisms of Treg-Mediated Immune Tolerance and Related Therapeutic Strategies (IMAGE)
Caption
This figure illustrates the synergistic pathways by which Tregs establish immune tolerance, which are essential for preventing allograft rejection. Key mechanisms include: (1) the direct suppression of effector T cells (Teffs); (2) the modulation of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) through CTLA-4-mediated trans-endocytosis of costimulatory molecules; and (3) the formation of an immunosuppressive microenvironment via cytokines (e.g., IL-10, TGF-β) and metabolic disruption. Furthermore, the figure highlights promising therapeutic strategies aimed at leveraging these pathways, such as low-dose IL-2, antigen-specific CAR-Tregs, and FOXP3 overexpression, to promote durable graft survival
Credit
Professor Xiao-Kang Li from the National Center for Child Health and Development, Japan; and Dr. Shaowei Li from Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, China Image source link: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s44466-026-00037-1
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