Anchoring the phase change interface via dynamic flow of core-shell CPCPs to enhance solar thermal charging. (IMAGE)
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(a) Conventional bulk PCMs undergo slow, diffusion-limited melting. (b) In the interface-anchored charging system, directly irradiated CPCPs circulate continuously, keeping the phase-change interface anchored at the irradiated surface and enabling rapid solar thermal charging. (c) Matched energy and mass fluxes during solar charging: cold CPCPs are fed into the illuminated irradiation zone, absorb solar energy during surface exposure, and exit as hot particles after completing the charging process. (d) CPCPs temperature evolving with time for diffusion-limited and interface-anchored solar charging modes. (e) Energy flow diagram of the solar thermal energy storage system.
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