Proposed working model (IMAGE)

University of Arizona

Proposed working model — Caption

Schematic showing the proposed working model. The efficient transfer of mitochondria-derived energy molecules to the nucleus is mediated by VDAC1 and RANBP2-CTD interaction. The ATP regenerated by the action of nuclear creatine kinase (CK) is utilized in the nucleus for phosphorylation, replication, transcription, and chromatin dynamics, with implications in cell growth and differentiation.

Credit

Ivan Menendez-Montes et al. Schematic created in BioRender; Menendez-Montes, I. https:// biorender.com/plzo9bu (2026).

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