Bird and fish flows (IMAGE)
Caption
Birds and fish can influence one another through the flows they generate, helping shape group flight and swimming patterns. The gray arrow pointing from right to left in front of the flyers indicates the resulting propulsive direction while the thick vertical blue lines directly above the flyers illustrate the instantaneous flapping velocity direction of each flyer, with the smaller blue arrows that follow representing wake velocity. The black dashed line indicates that the flyers are constrained to move along a one-dimensional horizontal path, one behind the other.
Credit
Images of birds by Boyce Fitzgerald and Neophytos Charalambides.
Usage Restrictions
Use with this study only
License
Original content