Key characteristics of intestinal hamartomatous polyposis in Cronkhite–Canada syndrome and the TNF-α/IL-1β/PGE₂ axis (IMAGE)
Caption
Key features distinguishing Cronkhite–Canada syndrome (CCS) hamartomatous polyposis from healthy intestinal tissues and crosstalk among CD4+ T-helper 1 TNF+ cells, FCN1+ monocytes, IL1B+ macrophages, and altered epithelial lineage establish a unique immune microenvironment in CCS. This interaction network drives the accumulation of mucus and remodeling of epithelial lineages via paracrine signaling (e.g., TNF-α/IL-1β/PGE2 axis), collectively forming a pathogenic triad that underpins the development of CCS lesions.
Credit
Professor Jingnan Li and Professor Ji Li from Peking Union Medical College Hospital, China; Principal Investigator Xiaohuan Guo and Professor Yeguang Chen from Tsinghua University, China. Image source link: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s44466-026-00045-1
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