Advanced bioengineering toolkit for extracellular vesicles and their application paradigms in in-situ niche remodeling (IMAGE)
Caption
Conceptual overview of a modular framework for engineering naïve EVs into programmable therapeutic platforms. EV engineering involves three dimensions: cargo loading, surface functionalization, and biomaterial-assisted delivery. Engineered EVs can target three major therapeutic niches: oncological, regenerative, and neural, through modulation of the microenvironment, tissue repair, and neuroinflammation, respectively. EVs, extracellular vesicles; BBB, blood–brain barrier.
Credit
© Ye Chen, Jianzhong Shao, et al. 2026. This is an Open Access article licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, for any purpose, even commercially, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
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CC BY